Manual - ROUTINE PROCEDURES IN THE HP LAB

Question 1

When receiving specimen, make sure to check the_____.

Answer 1

labels

Question 2

Label should include

Answer 2

patient’s name
age
sex
relevant clinical data
surgical findings
nature of operation
name of tissue submitted

Question 3

_______ are assigned to each sample.

Answer 3

Serial numbers

Question 4

Each serial number is accompanied by a letter that signifies the type of specimen submitted:

A for______
S for ______

Answer 4

autopsy specimen

surgical/biopsy specimen

Question 5

GROSS EXAMINATION

Under the______ trained eye, tissues are examined and each of their physical macroscopic characteristics are noted.

The specimen are cut into slices that are about______ and not more than______ in thickness.

________ are usually obtained from definite pathologic regions

Answer 5

pathologist’s

2 cm 2

4 mm

Representative sections

Question 6

is a chemical process by which biological tissues are preserved in a state (both chemically and structurally) as close to living tissue as possible.

Answer 6

Fixation

Question 7

It terminates any on-going biochemical reactions, and may also increase the mechanical strength or stability of the treated tissues.

Answer 7

Fixation

Question 8

The fixed tissue protected from decay, thereby preventing ______ or ______

Answer 8

autolysis or putrefaction.

Question 9

This requires a chemical fixative that can stabilise:
proteins
nucleic acids
mucosubstances

of the tissue by making them insoluble.

Answer 9

Fixation

Question 10

The removal of calcium deposits is essential for good______ procedure

Answer 10

embedding

Question 11

is usually carried out between the fixation and processing steps

Answer 11

Decalcification

Question 12

In Decalcification

Immersion in solutions containing _________ (3) are the predominant methods used.

______ may also be used.

Answer 12

mineral acids, organic acids, or EDTA

Electrolysis

Question 13

Specimens are transferred through increasing concentrations of hydrophilic or water miscible fluids which dilute and eventually replace free water in the tissues.

Answer 13

Dehydration

Question 14

is necessary in all infiltration methods, except where tissues are simply externally supported by an aqueous embedding medium.

Answer 14

Dehydration

Question 15

Choosing the dehydrating agent to be used is determined by the (4)

Answer 15

nature of the task
the embedding medium to be used
the processing method
even economic factors

Question 16

is the transition step between dehydration and infiltration

Answer 16

Clearing

Question 17

A chemical agent (solvent) that is miscible with the dehydrating and infiltrating agents is used to facilitate the transition between dehydration and infiltration

Answer 17

Clearing

Question 18

The term ‘______’ arises from the ability of some solvents with high refractive indices to render anhydrous tissues transparent or clear

Answer 18

clearing

Question 19

This process involves the removal of the excess clearing agent from the tissues and replaces it with a medium that will fill the natural cavities, spaces and interstices of the tissues.

Answer 19

Infiltration

Question 20

This process provides the tissues with a firm consistency resulting in better handling and cutting of the tissue sections

Answer 20

Infiltration

Question 21

T or F

Usually, the medium to be used for embedding will be the same medium used for infiltration.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

EMBEDDING

Also known as

Answer 22

casting or blocking

Question 23

this process is done by placing the infiltrated tissue, in a precisely arranged position, in a mold containing a medium which is allowed to solidify

Answer 23

Embedding

Question 24

This process refers to the cutting of the embedded tissues into uniformly thin slices using the microtome.

Answer 24

Sectioning

Question 25

is the process of adding colors or dyes to the thin tissue slices for enhanced visualization and differentiation of cellular structures

Answer 25

Staining

Question 26

It is the process of protecting tissue sections from physical damage by coating it with a transparent medium then covering it with a glass slip

Answer 26

MOUNTING