Manual - ROUTINE PROCEDURES IN THE HP LAB Flashcards
When receiving specimen, make sure to check the_____.
labels
Label should include
patient’s name
age
sex
relevant clinical data
surgical findings
nature of operation
name of tissue submitted
_______ are assigned to each sample.
Serial numbers
Each serial number is accompanied by a letter that signifies the type of specimen submitted:
A for______
S for ______
autopsy specimen
surgical/biopsy specimen
GROSS EXAMINATION
Under the______ trained eye, tissues are examined and each of their physical macroscopic characteristics are noted.
The specimen are cut into slices that are about______ and not more than______ in thickness.
________ are usually obtained from definite pathologic regions
pathologist’s
2 cm 2
4 mm
Representative sections
is a chemical process by which biological tissues are preserved in a state (both chemically and structurally) as close to living tissue as possible.
Fixation
It terminates any on-going biochemical reactions, and may also increase the mechanical strength or stability of the treated tissues.
Fixation
The fixed tissue protected from decay, thereby preventing ______ or ______
autolysis or putrefaction.
This requires a chemical fixative that can stabilise:
proteins
nucleic acids
mucosubstances
of the tissue by making them insoluble.
Fixation
The removal of calcium deposits is essential for good______ procedure
embedding
is usually carried out between the fixation and processing steps
Decalcification
In Decalcification
Immersion in solutions containing _________ (3) are the predominant methods used.
______ may also be used.
mineral acids, organic acids, or EDTA
Electrolysis
Specimens are transferred through increasing concentrations of hydrophilic or water miscible fluids which dilute and eventually replace free water in the tissues.
Dehydration
is necessary in all infiltration methods, except where tissues are simply externally supported by an aqueous embedding medium.
Dehydration
Choosing the dehydrating agent to be used is determined by the (4)
nature of the task
the embedding medium to be used
the processing method
even economic factors
is the transition step between dehydration and infiltration
Clearing
A chemical agent (solvent) that is miscible with the dehydrating and infiltrating agents is used to facilitate the transition between dehydration and infiltration
Clearing
The term ‘______’ arises from the ability of some solvents with high refractive indices to render anhydrous tissues transparent or clear
clearing
This process involves the removal of the excess clearing agent from the tissues and replaces it with a medium that will fill the natural cavities, spaces and interstices of the tissues.
Infiltration
This process provides the tissues with a firm consistency resulting in better handling and cutting of the tissue sections
Infiltration
T or F
Usually, the medium to be used for embedding will be the same medium used for infiltration.
True
EMBEDDING
Also known as
casting or blocking
this process is done by placing the infiltrated tissue, in a precisely arranged position, in a mold containing a medium which is allowed to solidify
Embedding
This process refers to the cutting of the embedded tissues into uniformly thin slices using the microtome.
Sectioning
is the process of adding colors or dyes to the thin tissue slices for enhanced visualization and differentiation of cellular structures
Staining
It is the process of protecting tissue sections from physical damage by coating it with a transparent medium then covering it with a glass slip
MOUNTING
