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Histopath LAB > Papanicolau Staining > Flashcards

Papanicolau Staining Flashcards

1
Q

CYTOLOGY
highly specific and accurate technique used to differentiate_____ from other_____ or _____ disease

A

tumors

inflammatory or degenerative

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2
Q

suitable for screening purposes

A

Cytology

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3
Q

Advantages of cytology

A

ease of obtaining material
ease of processing

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4
Q

Pap Smear
developed by _______ in _____

A

Georgios Nikolaou Papanikolaou (George Papanicolaou)

1883-1962

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5
Q

Georgios Nikolaou Papanikolaou (George Papanicolaou)

Father of..

A

Modern cytology

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6
Q

a test in gynecological cytology

A

Pap smear

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7
Q

used for detection and prevention of cervical cancer and other cytologic disease of the female reproductive system

A

Pap smear

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8
Q

True or False:

Pap smear involves monochromatic staining of cytologic smear

A

False

multichromatic

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9
Q

Pap smear

demonstrates ____ and _____in various stages of maturation

same technique may be used to check____ in other specimen types

A

vaginal and cervical cells

malignancy

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10
Q

True or False

Pap smear is a reliable technique

A

True

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11
Q

used to differentiate cells in smear preparations of various bodily secretions

A

PAPANICOLAOU STAIN

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12
Q

Bodily secretions used in papanicolau staining

A

gynecological smears
sputum
brushings and washings
urine
CSF
seminal fluid
serous fluids
synovial fluid
FNA
tumor touch samples

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13
Q

Composition of pap stain

A

Hematoxylin - primary stain
OG-6 (Orange G) Counterstain
EA (Eosin Azure) counterstain

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14
Q

What is the primary stain in pap stain

A

Hematoxylin

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15
Q

What are the counterstains in pap stain

A

OG-6 (Orange G) Counterstain
EA (Eosin Azure) counterstain

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16
Q

Composition of EA

A

Eosin Y
Light Green SF yellowish
Bismarck Brown Y

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17
Q

nuclear stain; it is used to stain cell nuclei (Blue or Black)

A

Hematoxylin

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18
Q

What gives the color yellow to glycogen

A

Hematoxylin

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19
Q

responsible for the yellow color imparted to glycogen

A

‘unmordanted’ hematein

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20
Q

-6 in OG-6 denotes the used concentration of

A

phosphotungstic acid

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21
Q

OG-6 stains…

A

Keratin

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22
Q

original role was to stain small cells of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (sputum)

A

OG-6

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23
Q

This composition of pap stain contains 3 dyes

A

Eosin Azure counterstain

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24
Q

EA counterstain

contains two mutually incompatible chemicals:

A

Bismarck brown
PTA (phosphotungstic acid)

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25
Q

precipitates each other, impairing the useful life of the mixture and compromising the differential staining of eosin and light green.

A

Bismarck brown and PTA (phosphotungstic acid)

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26
Q

stains the superficial epithelial squamous cells, nucleoli, cilia, and red blood cells.

A

Eosin Y

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27
Q

yellowish stains the cytoplasm of other cells, including non-keratinized squamous cells

A

Light Green SF

28
Q

This dye is now quite expensive and difficult to obtain, therefore some manufacturers are switching to Fast Green FCF, however it produces visually different results and is not considered satisfactory by some.

A

Light Green SF

29
Q

stains nothing and in contemporary formulations it is often omitted

A

Bismarck brown Y

30
Q

True of False

Pap stain stained specimen displays hues from entire spectrum

A

True

Red-violet

31
Q

True of False

Pap stain…

chromatin patterns well-visible

cells from borderline lesions are easier to interpret

32
Q

True or False

Pap stain…

better photomicrographs
cells are very transparent

33
Q

Cell nuclei -

A

BLUE TO BLACK

34
Q

Keratin and Glycogen ->

35
Q

Superficial cells ->

A

ORANGE TO PINK

36
Q

Intermediate to Parabasal cells ->

A

TURQUOISE GREEN TO BLUE

37
Q

Metaplastic cells ->

A

often both GREEN AND PINK

38
Q

Reagen(WHO)

Class 1

39
Q

Reagen(WHO)

Class 2

A

Inflammation

40
Q

Reagen(WHO)

Class 3

A

Mild dysplasia

41
Q

Reagen(WHO)

Class 4

A

Moderate dysplasia
Severe dysplasia
Carcinoma in situ

42
Q

Reagen(WHO)

Class 5

A

Invasive cancer

43
Q

Ruchart

Class 1

44
Q

Ruchart

Class 5

A

Invasive cancer

45
Q

Bethesda

Class 1

A

Within normal

46
Q

Bethesda

Class 2

A

Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance ( ASCUS)

47
Q

Bethesda

Class 3

A

low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion

48
Q

Bethesda

Class 4

A

High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.

49
Q

Bethesda

Class 5

A

Invasive cancer

50
Q

PAPANICOLAOU STAIN
The problem…

A

not standardized; formulation varies among different manufacturers (do not mix from different brands)

several modifications, subtly differs in dyes, ratios and timing of process

51
Q

The Cytocolor® Method is by what brand?

A

Merck Millipore International

52
Q

The Cytocolor® Method
(Merck Millipore International)
staining time:

53
Q

These stains provide complete information on dignity and additional information on hormone status and vaginal flora in gynaecological smears

A

Cytocolor method

54
Q

The difference between these and classical Papanicolaou stains is that Cytocolor®…

A

requires no orange stain

55
Q

In cytocolor method

both mature and keratinized cells appear as____ instead of orange

56
Q

In traditional papanicolau staining method…

Fix smears in _____ for ____ mins for fixation.

A

95% ethanol for 10 minutes

57
Q

For cytocolor method

Fix smears with ______ or _____

A

Merckofix or in 95% ethanol (10 dips)

58
Q

What type of hematoxylin is used in traditional pap staining

A

Harris hematoxylin (6mins)

59
Q

Commonly used fixative in cell cytology

A

95% ethanol

60
Q

Best fixative for cell cytology

A

95% ethanol ether

Flmmable

61
Q

95, 75, 50% ethyl alcohol

A

Rehydration

62
Q

Purpose of HCl 0.5% solution

A

Differentiator/ Decolorizer

63
Q

Bluing agent in traditional method

A

Ammonium hydroxide

64
Q

50, 70, 95% ethyl alcohol

A

Dehydration

65
Q

Last xylene

A

Clearing

High refractive index

66
Q

Stain in cytocolor method

A

Polychromic solution

67
Q

Alcohol used in cytocolor

A

2-propanol

Histopath LAB (19 decks)

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