HISTOPATHOLOGIC EXAMINATION

Question 1

Offers beneficial diagnostic information

Answer 1

HISTOPATHOLOGIC EXAMINATION

Question 2

HISTOPATHOLOGIC EXAMINATION can be in what states

Answer 2

Fresh or Fixed state

Question 3

Histopathologic examination

Factors affecting the method to be used:

Answer 3

USA

• urgency of investigation
• structures or inclusions
• amount and nature of the tissue

Question 4

For rapid microscopic analysis while
surgery is taking place.

Answer 4

Fresh Tissue Examination

Question 5

Fresh Tissue Examination Methods

Answer 5

FTCS

• FROZEN SECTIONS
• TEASING
• CRUSHING
• SMEAR PREP

Question 6

Smear prep

Answer 6

PSST

• Pull-apart
• Streaking
• Spreading
• Touch Prep

Question 7

Protoplasmic activities such as mitosis & phagocytosis may be observed when tissues are examined in its______

Answer 7

fresh state

Question 8

diagnosis can be rendered in many cases,_____ tissue processing is preferred in many conditions for more accurate diagnosis.

Answer 8

fixed

Question 9

The primary fixative reagent used to preserve tissue is

Answer 9

10% formalin

Question 10

• Allows the examination of tissue in its living state.

Answer 10

FRESH TISSUE EXAMINATION

Question 11

T or F

In fresh tissue examination

Slides may be viewed stained or unstained.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

fresh (unfixed) tissue examination

advantages & disadvantages

Answer 12

Advantages:
Visualizing cell process such as motion, mitosis, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis.

Disadvantages:
Its use is limited because of the fact that tissues examined in the fresh state are not permanent, and therefore, are liable to develop the changes that have usually been observed after death.

Question 13

________ are done by carefully separating very thin tissue slices with dissecting needles.

Slides are examined via _____ or _______microscopy where many details can be studied

Answer 13

Teased preparations

brightfield or phase contrast

Question 14

are done by simply crushing small pieces of tissue between two glass slides or between a glass slide and a cover slip.

Answer 14

Squashed preparations

Question 15

In examining sediments,_____ is usually the method of choice

Answer 15

smearing

Question 16

Cellular materials are spread lightly over a slide with a wire loop or an applicator stick (such as in ____ or _____) or with another glass slide such as in the pull apart technique

Answer 16

streaking or in spreading

Question 17

When rapid diagnosis is required, tissue sample is frozen and sectioned using the freezing microtome or cryostat. This procedure is called

Answer 17

Frozen Section

Question 18

Technical name for frozen section

Answer 18

Cryosection

Question 19

With the cryostat, the usual histology slice is cut at________

Answer 19

5 to 10 µm

Question 20

In frozen section

The surgical specimen is placed on a metal tissue disc which is then secured in a chuck and frozen rapidly to about…

Answer 20

–20 to –30°C

Question 21

In frozen section

The specimen is embedded in a _____medium consisting of _____ and _____; this compound is known by many names and when frozen has the same density as frozen tissue.

Answer 21

gel like

polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol

Question 22

The preparation of the sample in frozen section is much more rapid than with traditional histology technique (around _____ vs____).

However, the technical quality of the sections is much lower.

Answer 22

10 mins
16 hrs

Question 23

Procedure for Teasing and Dissociation:

Answer 23

1. From the frozen block of tissue, cut several small, thin slices of tissue.
2. Immerse the tissue slices in a petri dish filled with saline solution.
3. Using a dissecting needle, carefully tease the tissue slices until they unfold and spread out.
4. Carefully mount a teased slice on a slide and cover it with a coverslip

Question 24

Procedure for Squash Preparation:

Answer 24

From the 4 th step of the previous procedure:

1. Add 1-2 drops of methylene blue stain directly on the tissue slice on the glass slide.
2. Cover the stained tissue with a cover slip or another glass slide.
3. Applying enough pressure to crush the tissue flat.
4. Label your slide with your name, group number and section and submit it to your instructor.

Question 25

Procedure for Smear Preaparation:

Note:

Answer 25

Centrifuge body fluid samples and decant the supernatant. Save the sediments for the procedures below. Avoid making smears that are too thin or too thick since this will render your smears unsuitable for examination.

Question 26

A. Streaking:

Answer 26

1. Pour a small amount of the sediments on one end of a clean glass slide.
2. Using an applicator stick, streak the sediments in a straight or zigzag line throughout the remaining length of the slide. If a wire loop is used instead, collect a loopful of the material and smear the material on the slide. A relatively uniform distribution of the material should be obtained. Cover it with a cover slip.
3. Label your slide with your name, group number and section and submit it to your instructo

Question 27

B. Spreading:

Answer 27

1. Transfer a small amount of the sediments on one end of a clean glass slide.
2. Using an applicator stick, spread the sediments throughout the slide (similar to how butter is spread on bread). Another technique is to place the drop of sediments at the center of the slide. Then with a circular motion, gently spread it into a moderately thick film.
3. Label your slide with your name, group number and section and submit it to your instructor.

Question 28

C. Pull apart

Answer 28

1. Place a drop of the sediments at one end of a glass slide.
2. Cover it with the end of another glass slide. Allow the sediments to spread evenly between the attached surfaces of the two slides.
3. With a single, uninterrupted motion, pull the two slides apart in opposite directions. Cover the smear with a cover slip.
4. Label your slide with your name, group number and section and submit it to your instructor

Question 29

D. Touch or Impression smear

Answer 29

1. Retrieve the block of tissue from the first procedure (See Teasing p.18).

Cut the block in half, exposing a fresher surface.

2. Allow the freshly cut surface to come in contact with the surface of a clean glass slide. Apply gentle pressure, allowing the cells to be transferred directly to the slide. Cover the smear with a cover slip.
3. Label your slide with your name, group number and section and submit it to your instructor