Routes of Administration

Question 1

Intravenous (IV)

Answer 1

100% bioavailability- no specific age requirements

Question 2

Intramuscular (IM)

Answer 2

not given to smaller animals, pain/ discomfort
nerve injury
no age requirements

Question 3

Oral- (PO)

Answer 3

slower administration, temperament dependant
mixed with food/ syringe
- = digestive problems/ stool- pain relief

Question 4

Intraperitoneal (IP)

Answer 4

into abdominal cavity, common way to euthanise smaller animals

Question 5

Nebulisation

Answer 5

neonatal patients- prevents damage to body structures
gas to liquid
directly to lungs
E.G: pain relief, allergy, antibiotics

Question 6

Intrathecal

Answer 6

injection into spine- tissue between spinal cord and brain
used on birds (euthanise)
E.G: chemotherapy, analgesia

Question 7

Inta-articular

Answer 7

into joint space, treats osteoarthritis, lameness/ joint pain
large animals

Question 8

Intraosseous (IO)

Answer 8

directly into bone marrow
babies
needs to be efficient
must be confident, efficient
VS administer
E.G: cardiac shock/ trauma to body system

Question 9

Topical

Answer 9

skin surface, any age suitable- longer effects- easy for owners

E.G: EMLA cream/ flea treatments

Question 10

Rectal

Answer 10

constipation methods, easy for owners, easy access route
- = causes stress
E.G: diazepam