Fluid Therapy.2 Flashcards
When is Isotonic Crystalloids used?
moderate dehydration, fluid replacement due to ongoing losses V+/D-.
balanced solutions, provides necessary electrolytes NA, replaces fluid volume- no major shifts in fluid balance.
Isotonic A/D-
Ps- wide variety, dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
Ns- cannot provide sufficient protein/ oncotic pressure to maintain vascular volume- severe hypovolemia or blood loss.
When are Hypotonic Crystalloids used?
low sodium levels, hyperosmolarity, when free water needed- hypernatremia or when addressing hyperthermia.
Hypotonic A/D-
Ps- replaces water without altering electrolyte balance drasticly.
Ns- not used in cases of acute blood loss/ severe dehydration, cannot provide enough volume to effectively restore circulating BV.
When is Hypertonic Crystalloids used?
acute shock expands BV quickly. Draws water from interstitial/ intracellular spaces into vascular space, rapidly increasing BV and improving circulation.
Hypertonic A/D-
Ps- fast, effective volume expansion in emergencies.
Ns- caution required due to potential electrolyte imbalances and dehydration of intracellular and interstitial spaces, especially if overused.
When are Colloids used?
Increase oncotic pressure, retains fluid in vascular compartment. Hypovolemic shock, severe blood loss, plasma protein levels are low.
Colloids A/D-
Ps- prolonged volume expansion, treat severe hypoalbuminemia, shock due to blood loss.
Ns- expensive than crystalloids, overused cause overloading of the vascular system and pulmonary edema.
When are Blood Products used?
treats severe blood loss, anemia, or coagulopathy.
RBCs crucial- restoring oxygen-carrying capacity in anemic patients/ severe hemorrhage.
Plasma- clotting factors, volume expansion and oxygen transport.
Blood Product A/D-
Ps- essential in cases of severe blood loss/ anemia, provide immediate + specific support
Ns- expensive, require careful matching/ handling, risk of transfusion reactions. Limited availability- used wisely.
