Basic Nutritional Requirements Flashcards
Digestion-
breakdown of molecules into individual ones
Absorption-
molecules absorbed into bloodstream- from gastrointestinal tract
Metabolism-
chemical reactions within cells- bloodstream to cells
What does villi do?
increase surface area/ absorption rate
List the macronutrients
water
carbohydrates
protein
fats/ lipids
List the micronutrients
vitamins
minerals
What nutrient is NOT essential in healthy patients?
carbohydrates- can be sythesised
What are carbohydrates broken down into?
simple sugars, glucose
What are polysaccharides?
long chain structures, starch and fats
What are polysaccharides broken down into?
simple sugars, monosaccharides- glucose/ fructose during digestion
What is the soluble digestive fibre?
pectin
What is the in-soluble digestive fibre?
celulose
What is the difference between essential and non essential amino acids?
essential cannot be sythesised but non can
How many amino acids are there?
20, building blocks
what amino acid is essential for cats?
taurine- obligate carnivores
What amino acid is essential for dogs?
arginine
How many essential amino acids are there for dogs and cats?
10 dogs
11 cats
Describe deamination
bacteria in small intestine breaksdown protein- releasing ammonia
ammonia transported to liver by hepatic portal vein
liver metabolises ammonia into urea
urea excreted by kidneys
Describe transamination
amino acids enter small intestine, passing through hepatic portal vein
metabolising usable amino aids/ proteins
enters systemic circulation
used in cells
Properties of Fats/Lipids?
energy source
glycerol
palatable food
omega 3/6 (essential)
What is the phospholipid bilayer?
makes up cell walls
What does hydrophobic mean?
needs ‘processing’ before digested
What is adipose tissue?
body fat
What are Triglycerides?
backbone-
glycerol and 3 fatty acids- branch into hydrogen and carbon atoms
List the 3 groups that represent the amount of carbon double bonds in a molecule?
saturated
monosaturated
polyunsaturated
