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Anatomy > Rotator cuff, upper arm, brachial plexus > Flashcards

Rotator cuff, upper arm, brachial plexus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 scapulohumeral muscles?

A
  1. deltoid
  2. teres major
  3. supraspinatus
  4. infraspinatus
  5. subscapularis
  6. teres minor
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2
Q

How many parts of the deltoid muscle are there? they can act separately or together as a whole

A

3 parts

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3
Q

What are the 3 parts of the deltoid muscle?

A

clavicular part
acromion part
spine of scapula part

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4
Q

Where is the origin of the deltoid muscle?

A

clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

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5
Q

What does the deltoid insert onto?

A

deltoid tuberosity (humerus)

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6
Q

What innervated the deltoid?

A

axillary n.

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7
Q

What are the actions of the deltoid muscle?

A

-flexes and internally rotates shoulder (clavicle part)
-abducts shoulder (acromion part); becomes main abductor after supraspinatus initiates the first 15*
-extends and externally rotates shoulder (spine of scapula part)

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8
Q

What is the origin of the teres major muscle?

A

inferior lateral border of the scapula and posterior inferior angle of scapula

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9
Q

What is the insertion of the teres major?

A

medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus (bicipital groove)

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10
Q

What innervates teres major?

A

lower subscapular nerve

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11
Q

What are the actions of the teres major muscle?

A

adducts and medially rotates the shoulder joint

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12
Q

Along with the deltoid and rotator cuff muscles, what is an important stabilizer of the humeral head in the glenoid cavity during movement?

A

teres major

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13
Q

What are the 4 muscles that make up the rotator cuff muscles (“SITS”)?

A
  1. supraspinatus
  2. infraspinatus
  3. teres minor
  4. subscapularis
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14
Q

What part of the deltoid is the strongest?

A

acromion part

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15
Q

The tendons of the rotator cuff muscles blend with the joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint, reinforcing it as what?

A

the musculotendinous rotator cuff protecting the joint and giving it stability

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16
Q

The rotator cuff is ___________

A

Musculotendinous

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17
Q

What is the origin of the supraspinatus muscle?

A

supraspinous fossa of the scapula

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18
Q

What is the origin of the infraspinatus muscle?

A

infraspinous fossa of the scapula

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19
Q

What is the origin of the teres minor muscle?

A

scapula

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20
Q

What is the origin of the subscapularis muscle?

A

subscapular fossa

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21
Q

What do the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscle insert onto?

A

greater tubercle of the humerus

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22
Q

What are the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle innervated by?

A

suprascapular nerve

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23
Q

What is the insertion of the subscapularis muscle?

A

lesser tubercle of the humerus

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24
Q

What is the deltoid muscle innervated by?

A

axillary nerve

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25
Q

What is the subscapularis muscle innervated by?

A

upper and lower subscapular nerve

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26
Q

What is the common action for the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles?

A

externally rotate the shoulder

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27
Q

What is the alternate action of the supraspinatus muscle besides external rotation of the shoulder?

A

initiates the first 15* of abduction of the shoulder

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28
Q

What is the action of the subscapularis muscle?

A

internal rotation of the shoulder

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29
Q

What is the most injured rotator cuff muscle?

A

supraspinatus muscle

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30
Q

What is the function of the rotator cuff as a unit?

A
  1. protects and stabilizes the glenohumeral joint
  2. creates stabilization with the humeral head relative to the glenoid cavity
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31
Q

What is the deltoid muscle and teres minor innervated by?

A

axillary nerve

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32
Q

The brachial plexus runs from what to what?

A

C5 to T1

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33
Q

What is defined as a group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve root?

A

myotomes

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34
Q

What is an essential part of neurological examination when suspecting radiculopathy?

A

myotome testing

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35
Q

What is the myotome of spinal nerve C5?

A

shoulder abduction and flexion

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36
Q

What is the myotome of spinal nerve C5, C6 (biceps)?

A

elbow flexion and forearm supination

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37
Q

What is the myotome of spinal nerve C7?

A

elbow extension, wrist extension, and finger extension

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38
Q

What is the myotome of spinal nerve C8?

A

Finger flexion

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39
Q

What is the myotome of spinal nerve T1?

A

Intrinsic hand muscles

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40
Q

The roots of the brachial plexus are the union of?

A

the ventral rami C5-T1

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41
Q

What is the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C5 and C6

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42
Q

What is included in the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C7

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43
Q

What is included in the inferior trunk of the branchial plexus?

A

C8 and T1

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44
Q

The superior, middle, and inferior trunk of the brachial plexus each divide into what?

A

An anterior and a posterior division

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45
Q

The anterior division of the brachial plexus innervates what?

A

anterior muscles

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46
Q

The posterior division of the brachial plexus innervates what?

A

posterior muscles

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47
Q

What are the names of the cords of the brachial plexus?

A

lateral, posterior, and medial

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48
Q

The anterior division of the upper and middle trunks unite to create what?

A

the lateral cord of the brachial plexus

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49
Q

The anterior division of the inferior trunk continues as what?

A

the medial cord of the brachial plexus

50
Q

The posterior division of all three of the trunks unite to form what?

A

the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

51
Q

What are the cords of the brachial plexus names for?

A

their positions in relation to the axillary artery

52
Q

What nerves of the brachial plexus are associated with anterior compartment innervation?

A

musculocutaneous n., median n., ulnar n.

53
Q

What nerves of the brachial plexus are associated with posterior compartment innervation?

A

axillary n., radial n.

54
Q

What is the important innervation of the dorsal scapular n.?

A

rhomboid mm.

55
Q

What is the important innervation of the nerve to subclavius?

A

subclavius m.

56
Q

What is the important innervation of the suprascapular nerve?

A

supraspinatus m. and infraspinatus m.

57
Q

What is the important innervation of the long thoracic nerve?

A

serratus anterior muscle

58
Q

What is the important innervation of the thoracodorsal nerve?

A

latissimus dorsi muscle

59
Q

What is the important innervation of the lateral pectoral nerve?

A

pectoralis major muscle

60
Q

What is the important innervation of the medial pectoral nerve?

A

pectoralis major m. and pectoralis minor m.

61
Q

What is the important innervation of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

anterior compartment arm muscles

62
Q

What is the important innervation of the median nerve?

A

some anterior forearm muscles, some hand muscles

63
Q

What is the important innervation of the ulnar nerve?

A

some forearm muscles, some hand muscles

64
Q

What is the important innervation of the axillary nerve?

A

teres minor muscle and deltoid muscle

65
Q

What is the important innervation of the radial nerve?

A

all posterior arm/forearm muscles

66
Q

What are the 4 muscles included in the upper arm muscles?

A

-biceps brachii
-brachialis
-coracobrachialis
-triceps brachii

67
Q

What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

biceps brachii
brachialis
coracobrachialis

68
Q

What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

triceps brachii (3 heads)

69
Q

What is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

musculocutaneous n.

70
Q

What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

radial n.

71
Q

What is the origin of the biceps brachii and the coracobrachialis?

A

scapula

72
Q

What is the origin of the brachialis?

A

humerus

73
Q

What is the insertion of the biceps brachii?

A

radius

74
Q

What is the insertion of the brachialis?

A

ulna

75
Q

What is the insertion of the coracobrachialis?

A

humerus

76
Q

What is the innervation of the biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis?

A

musculocutaneous n.

77
Q

What is the action of the biceps brachii?

A

supinates forearm and flexes elbow

78
Q

What is the action of the brachialis?

A

flexes elbow

79
Q

What is the action of the coracobrachialis?

A

helps flex and adduct shoulder joint

80
Q

What is the origin of the triceps brachii?

A

long: scapula
lateral: humerus
medial: humerus

81
Q

What is the insertion of the triceps brachii?

A

ulna

82
Q

What is the innervation of the triceps brachii?

A

radial n.

83
Q

What is the action of the triceps brachii?

A

chief elbow extensor

84
Q

What muscle resists shoulder dislocation?

A

coracobrachialis

85
Q

What muscle is the most powerful forearm supinator?

A

biceps brachii

86
Q

What muscle is the chief forearm flexor?

A

brachialis

87
Q

What is the coracobrachialis pierced by?

A

musculocutaneous n.

88
Q

What specific landmark does the biceps brachii insert onto?

A

radial tuberosity

89
Q

What does the biceps brachii long head attach to?

A

intertubercular groove and transverse humerus ligament

90
Q

What does the biceps brachii short head and coracobrachialis both attach to?

A

coracoid process where they both stabilize the glenohumeral joint

91
Q

What specific landmark does the brachialis muscle attach to?

A

ulnar tuberosity

92
Q

What is the specific landmark that the triceps brachii attach to?

A

proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm

93
Q

What muscle is in the posterior compartment of the arm besides the triceps brachii?

A

anconeus

94
Q

What is the origin of the anconeus?

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

95
Q

What is the insertion of the anconeus?

A

lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of the posterior surface of the ulna

96
Q

What is the innervation of the anconeus?

A

radial n.

97
Q

What are the actions of the anconeus?

A

assists triceps in extending elbow joint; stabilizes elbow joint; abducts ulna during pronation

98
Q

What is the space located in the posterior shoulder region?

A

quadrangular space

99
Q

what is the anterior border of the quadrangular space?

A

subscapularis m.

100
Q

What is the superior border of the quadrangular space?

A

teres minor and capsule of shoulder joint

101
Q

what is the inferior border of the quadrangular space?

A

teres major

102
Q

What is the medial border of the quadrangular space?

A

long head of the triceps brachii

103
Q

What is the lateral border of the quadrangular space?

A

surgical neck of the humerus

104
Q

Posteriorly, the quadrangular space is bounded above by?

A

teres minor

105
Q

What are the contents of the quadrangular space?

A

axillar n. and posterior circumflex humeral a. and v.

106
Q

What is the quadrangular space created by?

A

humerus, long head triceps, teres major, teres minor

107
Q

If the axillary n. if injured, what muscles are affected?

A

deltoid and teres minor

108
Q

If the axillary n. is damages and affect the deltoid and teres minor muscle, what movements will be affected?

A

internal rotation and abduction (deltoid)
external rotation (teres minor)

109
Q

What has a possibility of being damaged in a surgical neck fracture of the humerus?

A

-axillary n. and posterior circumflex a.

110
Q

If the axillary n. gets severed by a fragment in a surgical neck fracture of the humerus, you will lose movement from what?

A

deltoid and teres minor

111
Q

What movements will be affected with long thoracic n. injury?

A

scapular protraction
scapular rotation
holds scapula against thoracic wall

112
Q

What can a long thoracic n. injury cause?

A

winged scapula

113
Q

What muscle would be affected by a long thoracic n. injury?

A

serratus anterior m.

114
Q

What nerve(s) can be damaged in mastectomy surgeries?

A

long thoracic nerve
thoracodorsal nerve

115
Q

What occurs in Saturday night palsy?

A

compression of the radial nerve in the axilla

116
Q

What can cause compression of the radial nerve in the axilla?

A

falling asleep improperly after a night drinking
using crutches improperly

117
Q

When the radial nerve in the axilla is compressed for too long, what can occur?

A

complete paralyzation of elbow extension and wrest extension

118
Q

What runs through the radial groove?

A

radial n. and deep brachial a.

119
Q

In a humeral shaft fracture, what structures can be severed?

A

radial n. and deep brachial a.

120
Q

What muscles would be affected in a humeral shaft fracture?

A

muscles innervated by the radial n.:
-triceps brachii
-anconeus
-posterior compartment of arm

Anatomy (25 decks)

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