Introduction to Peripheral Nervous System/Thoracic Wall Anatomy Flashcards
What makes up the central nervous system?
- brain
- spinal cord
What makes up the peripheral nervous system?
- 12 pairs of cranial nerves
- 31 pairs of spinal nerves
The 12 pairs of cranial nerves in the PNS arise from what?
the brain or brainstem
The 31 pairs of spinal nerves in the PNS arise from what?
the spinal cord
Neurons that receive information from our sensory organs (eye, skin) and transmit this input to the CNS are called what?
afferent neurons
Neurons that send impulses from the CNS to limbs and organs are called what?
efferent neurons
What transmits information within the CNS (both sensory and motor neurons)?
interneurons
Most of the neurons in the body are what?
interneurons
Pain, touch, and pressure is associated with what type of neurons?
sensory/afferent neurons
What carries information away from the cell body in the CNS to muscles and glands?
motor/efferent neurons
In the spinal cord, where can you find the dorsal root ganglion?
out in the periphery, not in the cord
What are the two types of afferent/sensory stimuli?
- soma (somatic sensory)
- viscera (visceral sensory)
Where is somatic sensory from?
skin, joints, skeletal mm, special senses (outside world)
Where is visceral sensory from?
the viscera (internal organs such as heart, lungs, stomach, and bladder)
What are the two types of effector motors?
- voluntary (skeletal muscles)
- involuntary (ANS-regulated internal body functions)
General visceral efferent nerves are always associated with what?
the ANS
What consists of sensory and motor fibers to/from the skin, skeletal muscle, and joints?
somatic nervous system
What consists of sensory and motor fibers to all smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands?
autonomic nervous system
What consists of the plexuses and ganglia of the GI tract that regulate bowel secretion, absorption, and motility (originally considered part of ANS); they are linked to the ANS for optimal regulation?
enteric nervous system
What is a one-neuron motor system?
somatic nervous system
Where can you find the motor/efferent neurons in the somatic nervous system?
in the CNS, and an axon projects to the peripheral target (such as skeletal muscle)
Where can you find the sensory/afferent neurons in the somatic nervous system?
in the peripheral ganglion (spinal ganglion) and conveys sensory info from the skin, muscle or joint to the CNS
What is the unilateral area of skin innervated by the somatic sensory fibers from a single spinal cord level called?
dermatome
What is a two-neuron motor system?
autonomic nervous system