Posterior Abdominal Organs, Posterior Abdominal Wall and Diaphragm Flashcards
The posterior abdominal viscera are located in the (1) between the (2) and the (3) and (4) of the posterior abdominal wall
- retroperitoneal space
- posterior parietal peritoneum
- muscles
- bones
The retroperitoneal space contains what?
- kidneys
- ureters
- suprarenal glands
- aorta
- IVC
- abdominal portions of sympathetic trunks
What lies retroperitoneally on the posterior abdominal wall, one on each side of the vertebral column?
kidneys
What is the function of the kidneys?
remove excess water, salts, and wastes of protein metabolism from blood white returning nutrients and chemicals to the blood
What conveys the waste products from the blood into the urine, which drains through the ureters to the urinary bladder?
kidneys
What run inferiorly from the kidneys, passing over the pelvic brim at the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries?
ureters
What runs along the lateral wall of the pelvis and enter the urinary bladder?
ureters
What type of epithelium are the ureters and bladder made of and what does it allow for?
- transitional epithelium
- allows for stretching
The superomedial aspect of each kidney normally contacts a (1), which is separated from the kidney by a weak fascial septum
suprarenal gland
The suprarenal glands function as part of the (1)
endocrine system
What are the kidneys well protected by?
- their position within the abdomen
- cushioning layers of fat
** an outer pararenal layer
** inner perirenal layer
What are the outer pararenal layer and inner perirenal layer of fat surrounding the kidneys separated by?
renal fascia
What are the kidney coverings from superficial to deep?
- paranephric fat
- renal fascia
- perinephric fat
What is the fat external to the renal fascia, is the most obvious on the posterior surface of kidneys, and surrounds the entire area?
paranephric fat
What encloses the kidneys, suprarenal glands, and perinephric fat EXCEPT inferiorly?
renal fascia
What is the renal fascia continuous with?
the diaphragmatic fascia
What is found within renal fascia, extends into the renal sinus, is a fibrous capsule, and surrounds the kidney?
perinephric fat
Inferior to the kidney, there is no (1)
- renal fascia
The posterior surface of the kidney is related to the (1) muscle
quadratus lumborum
What structures are located anterior to the right kidney?
- liver
- duodenum
- ascending colon
What is the left kidney related to?
- stomach
- spleen
- pancreas
- jejunum
- descending colon
What descends diagonally across the posterior surfaces of the kidneys?
- subcostal nerve and vessels
- iliohypogastric nerves
- ilioinguinal nerves
Where is the diaphragm found in relation to the kidneys?
superiorly
What is found on the anterior surface of the right kidney?
- liver
- duodenum
- ascending colon
- hepatorenal recess