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Anatomy > Face, Orbits, and Temporal Region > Flashcards

Face, Orbits, and Temporal Region Flashcards

1
Q
  • What are the contents of the superficial fascia of the face?
  • What is the motor innervation?
  • What is the sensory innervation?
A

contents:
- parotid gland
- muscles of fascial expression
- branches of facial nerve (CN VII)
- branches of trigeminal nerve (CN V)
- branches of facial a and v
motor innervation
- facial nerve (CN VII)
sensory innervation
- trigeminal nerve (CN V)

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2
Q
  • Where can you find muscles of facial expression?
  • What do they attach to?
  • What do they do?
  • What else do they surround?
  • What do they act as?
A
  • within subcutaneous tissue of anterior and posterior scalp, face, and neck
  • most attach to bone or fascia & produce their effects by pulling the skin
  • move the skin and change facial expressions to convey mood
  • surround orifices of the mouth, eyes, and nose
  • act as sphincters and dilators that close/open orifices
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3
Q

What are the different muscles of facial expression?

A
  • occipitofrontalis
  • orbicularis oculi
  • levator labii superioris
  • zygomaticus major
  • orbicularis oris
  • platysma
  • depressor anguli oris
  • buccinator
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4
Q

What are the actions of occipitofrontalis?

A
  • elevates eyebrows
  • wrinkles skin of forehead
  • protracts scalp (frontal belly)
  • retracts scalp (occipital belly)
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5
Q

What are the actions of orbicularis oculi?

A
  • closes eyelids (winking)
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6
Q

What are the actions of levator labii superioris?

A
  • part of dilators of mouth
  • retract (elevate) and/or evert upper lip
  • deepen nasolabial sulcus
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7
Q

What are the actions of zygomaticus major?

A
  • part of dilators of mouth
  • elevate labial commissure (bilaterally to smile)
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8
Q

What are the actions of orbicular oris?

A
  • tonus closes oral fissure
  • phasic contraction compresses/protrudes lips (kissing)
  • resists distention (when blowing)
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9
Q

What are the actions of platysma?

A
  • depresses mandible (against resistance)
  • tenses skin of inferior face and neck (conveying tension and stress)
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10
Q

What are the actions o the depressor anguli oris?

A
  • part of dilators of mouth
  • depresses labial commissure bilaterally to frown (sadness)
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11
Q

What is the action of the buccinator?

A
  • presses cheek against molar teeth
  • works with tongue to keep food down between occlusal surfaces and out of oral vestibule
  • resists distention (when blowing)
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12
Q

What are the 5 terminal branches of CN VII (facial nerve)?

A
  • temporal
  • zygomatic
  • buccal
  • marginal mandibular
  • cervical
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13
Q
  • Where does the facial nerve originate from?
  • How does it enter the skull?
  • After entering the skull, what does it pass through?
  • Then it descends to emerge from the (…)
  • What does it pass through after this to distribute its terminal branches to the face and neck?
A
  • brainstem
  • enters the internal acoustic meatus
  • passes through facial canal in petrous portion of temporal bone
  • from the stylomastoid foramen
  • passes through the parotid gland
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14
Q

What results when the facial nerve becomes damaged so the facial muscles are affected/droop on one side?

A

Bell’s palsy

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15
Q

What provides sensory innervation to the face?

A
  • trigeminal nerve (3 branches)
  • great auricle nerve
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16
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • ophthalmic division (V1)
  • maxillary division (V2)
  • mandibular division (V3)
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17
Q
  • What areas of the face does the ophthalmic division of CN V innervate?
  • What areas of the face does the maxillary division of CN V innervate?
  • What areas of the face does the mandibular division of CN V innervate?
A
  • skin of forehead, upper eyelids, nose
  • skin of lower eyelid, cheek, and upper lip
  • skin of lower face, part of side of the head
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18
Q

What areas of the face does the great auricle nerve innervate/provide sensation to?

A
  • skin over the angle of the mandible just in front of the ear
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19
Q

What are the 3 facial vasculature arteries that come off the external carotid artery?

A
  • facial artery
  • superficial temporal artery
  • maxillary artery
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20
Q

What are the 3 branches of the facial artery and what do they supply?

A
  • superior and inferior labial arteries: upper and lower lips
  • lateral nasal artery: side of the nose
  • angular artery: medial angle of the eye (terminal branch of facial a)
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21
Q
  • What does the superficial temporal artery give off?
  • What do the branches of the superficial temporal artery supply?
A
  • gives off the transverse facial artery
  • supplies parotid gland/duct, masseter, and skin of face
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22
Q

What does the maxillary artery supply?

A

supplies upper and lower jaws

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23
Q
  • The facial vein gives off the (…) vein
  • What does this drain?
  • What is this vein joined by?
  • This original vein drains directly or indirectly into the (…) vein
  • Describe the direct/indirect drainage
A
  • gives off the deep facial vein
  • drained the pterygoid venous plexus
  • joined by anterior branch of the retromandibular vein
  • internal jugular vein
  • directly drain into internal jugular or indirectly drain into the retromandibular vein
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24
Q
  • What does the facial vein communicate with?
  • What does it drain into?
A
  • superior ophthalmic vein
  • drains into cavernous sinus (venous drainage from the v)
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25
Q

What consists of the area from the corners of the mouth to the bridge of the nose, including the nose and maxilla and it at risk of cavernous sinus thrombosis due to the venous communication between the facial vein and the cavernous sinus?

A

danger triangle of the face

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26
Q

What are the functions of the salivary glands?

A
  • produce saliva
  • keep mouth moist
  • lubricates food during mastication
  • begins digestion of starches
  • serves as intrinsic “mouthwash”
  • plays significant role in prevention of tooth decay and ability to taste
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27
Q
  • What occupies the space between the mandibular ramus and mastoid process?
  • What is this encased in?
  • What does this drain into?
A
  • parotid gland
  • parotid sheath
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28
Q
  • What courses medially across the masseter muscle, dives deeply into buccal fat?
  • What muscle does this pierce?
  • What does it open into?
A
  • parotid duct
  • buccinator m
  • in the mouth lateral to 2nd maxillary molar
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29
Q
  • The terminal portion of what nerve passes through the parotid gland?
  • The parotid gland is innervated by secretomotor parasympathetic fibers from what nerve?
A
  • CN VII (facial)
  • glossopharyngeal nerve
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30
Q

What are the 3 major pairs of salivary glands and ducts?

A
  • parotid gland and duct
  • submandibular gland and duct
  • sublingual gland
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31
Q

Many salivary tumors are through the parotid gland, surgical removal, or a parotidectomy, can remove these but can lead to damage of what nerve?

A

facial nerve - paralysis of facial muscles

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32
Q
  • What lies along body of the mandible, partly superior and inferior to the posterior half of mandible, and partly superficial and deep to the mylohyoid muscle?
  • What arises from the part of the gland that lies between the mylohyoid and hyoglossus mm?
A
  • submandibular gland
  • submandibular duct
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33
Q
  • What glands lie in the floor of the mouth between the mandible and the genioglossus muscle?
  • The glands from each side unite to form a horseshoe-shaped mass around the (…)
  • Numerous small (…) open into the floor of the mouth alongside the lingual folds
A
  • sublingual glands
  • lingual frenulum
  • sublingual ducts
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34
Q
  • What cranial nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to the salivary glands?
  • What are the primary branches?
  • What are the parasympathetic ganglion?
  • What are the postganglionic nerves (branch of CN V on which parasympathetic neurons travel)?
A
  • parotid gland: glossopharyngeal; submandibular and sublingual: facial n
  • parotid: tympanic n; submandibular and sublingual: chorda tympani
  • parotid: otic ganglion; submandibular and sublingual: submandibular ganglion
  • parotid: auriculotemporal n; submandibular and sublingual: lingual n
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35
Q

What is the visceral motor (parasympathetic) to submandibular and sublingual glands?

A
  • chorda tympani n arises from CN VII superior to stylomastoid foramen
  • chorda tympani n crosses tympanic cavity to handle malleus
  • chorda tympani n passes through petrotympanic fissure to join lingual n in infratemporal fossa; fibers of chorda tympani synapse in submandibular ganglion; postsynaptic fibers follow aa to glands
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36
Q
  • What type of saliva is produced from parasympathetic innervation of the salivary glands?
  • What type of saliva is produced from sympathetic innervation of the salivary glands?
A
  • abundant, watery saliva
  • scant, more viscous saliva (more protein) via vasoconstriction
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37
Q

After synapsing on the otic ganglion, which nerve carries parasympathetics to the parotid gland?

A

auriculotemporal nerve

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38
Q

What is contained in the temporal region?

A
  • temporalis m
  • mandibular n (CN V3)
  • terminal branches of external carotid artery (maxillary and superficial temporal arteries)
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39
Q

What forms the floor of the temporal fossa?

A
  • parts of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and greater wing of sphenoid that form the pterion
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40
Q

What are the boundaries of the infratemporal fossa? (roof, anterior wall, lateral wall, posterior wall, medial wall)

A
  • roof: infratemporal surface of sphenoid
  • anterior wall: posterior maxilla
  • posterior wall: tympanic plate; styloid process of temporal bone
  • lateral wall: ramus of mandible
  • medial wall: lateral pterygoid plate; pharynx
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41
Q

What does the infratemporal fossa communicate with?

A
  • the temporal fossa through the interval b/w the zygomatic arch and cranial bones
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42
Q

What are the contents of the infratemporal fossa?

A
  • temporalis m
  • lateral and medial pterygoid m
  • maxillary a
  • pterygoid venous plexus
  • mandibular n (CN V3)
  • otic ganglion
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43
Q
  • What does the mandibular nerve arise from?
  • What is the only trigeminal nerve branch that receives motor function?
  • What are the branches of the mandibular nerve?
  • What do these branches supply?
A
  • arises from trigeminal ganglion in the middle cranial fossa
  • mandibular division
    branches:
  • auriculotemporal n
  • inferior alveolar n
  • lingual n
  • buccal n
    supply:
  • the four muscles of mastication but not the buccinator (supplied by facial n)
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44
Q
  • What nerve supplies sensory fibers to auricle and temporal region & auricular sensory fibers to the TMJ?
  • What innervates major part of buccal mucosa, inferior buccal gingiva, and skin above anterior part of buccinator m?
  • What supplies innervation to all mandibular teeth on its side, the skin and mucous membrane of lower lip, the skin on the chin, and vestibular gingiva of the mandibular incisor teeth?
  • What supplies sensory to the anterior two thirds of the tongue, floor of the mouth, and the lingual gingivae?
A
  • auriculotemporal n
  • buccal n
  • inferior alveolar n
  • lingual n
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45
Q

What carries taste fibers frm the anterior two thirds of the tongue, joins the lingual n, and also carries secretomotor fibers for the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

chorda tympani nerve

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46
Q
  • What provide a coordinated set of movements that facilitate biting and chewing (grinding action of lower jaw)?
  • What innervates these muscles?
  • What movements do these muscles allow for and what are they caused by?
A
  • muscles of mastication
  • CN V3 (mandibular division)
    movements:
  • jaw closure (adduction/elevation) = temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid
  • protrusion = lateral pterygoid
  • depression = gravity, lateral pterygoid, and supra/infrahyoids (not mm of mastication)
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47
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A
  • masseter
  • medial pterygoid
  • temporalis
  • lateral pterygoid
48
Q
  • What is the action of the temporalis m?
  • What is the action of the masseter m?
A
  • elevates mandible, closing jaw; retractors of mandible
  • elevates mandible; protrusion of mandible
49
Q
  • What are the actions of the lateral pterygoid m?
  • What are the actions of the medial pterygoid m?
A
  • bilaterally: protracts/depresses mandible; unilaterally: swings jaw toward contralateral side, produces larger lateral chewing movements
  • acts synergistically with masseter to elevate mandible; contributes to protrusion; unilateral activity produces smaller grinding movements
50
Q
  • What is the major artery to the deep face?
  • What are the three divisions?
A
  • maxillary artery
    divisions
  • 1st division: retromandibular
  • 2nd division: pterygoid (close relationship w/ lateral pterygoid)
  • 3rd division: pterygopalatine (everything medial, deep to lateral pterygoid)
51
Q
  • What branches of the maxillary artery that come off the retromandibular division do we need to know?
  • What do they supply?
  • What do these branches enter?
A
  • middle meningeal: supplies periosteum, bone, red bone marrow, dura mater of lateral wall, facial n, tympanic cavity, and tensor tympani m
  • inferior alveolar a: supplies mandible, mandibular teeth, chin, mylohyoid m
  • they enter bone
52
Q
  • What branches of the pterygopalatine division of the maxillary artery do we need to know?
  • What do they supply?
A
  • descending palatine: mucous membrane of glands and palate (roof of mouth) and palatine gingiva
  • sphenopalatine: supplies nasal cavity and adjacent paranasal sinuses
53
Q

How should you remember maxillary branches?

A
  • before lateral pterygoid, 5 branches into bone
  • lateral or within lateral pterygoid, 4/5 branches to soft tissue
  • beyond lateral pterygoid, 5/6 branches with nerves
54
Q
  • Where is the pterygoid venous plexus located?
  • What does the pterygoid venous plexus drain anterior to?
  • What does the pterygoid venous plexus mainly drain posterior via?
A
  • between temporalis and pterygoid mm
  • to the facial v via deep facial v
  • maxillary v to retromandibular vv
55
Q
  • What is a modified hinge type synovial joint permitting movement in 3 planes?
  • What are these 3 plants
  • What are the articular surfaces of this joint?
A
  • temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
  • elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, gliding
    articular surfaces:
  • head of mandible
  • articular tubercle of temporal bone
  • mandibular fossa
56
Q
  • What are the articular surfaces of the TMJ covered by?
  • What does the articular disc of the TMJ divide the joint cavity into and do?
  • Is the joint capsule of the TMJ loose or tight?
A
  • fibrocartilage rather than hyaline cartilage
  • divides into 2 separate synovial compartments that lubricates the joints (contains synovial fluid)
  • loose
57
Q

How many and what type of ligaments does the TMJ have that connect the mandible to the cranium?

A

two extrinsic ligaments + lateral ligament
- stylomandibular ligament
- sphenomandibular ligament
- lateral ligament

58
Q
  • What TMJ ligament runs from the styloid process to the angle of the mandible?
  • This is a thickening of fibrous capsule of the (…)
  • Does this contribute to the strength of TMJ?
A
  • stylomandibular ligament
  • parotid gland
  • no
59
Q
  • What TMJ ligament runs from the spine of the sphenoid to the lingual of the mandible?
  • What is this also known as and acts as a check for all of its movements?
  • What type of support does this ligament provide?
A
  • sphenomandibular ligament
  • “swing rope” of the mandible
  • primary passive support - main ligament
60
Q

What is the thick part of the TMJ capsule that strengthens the TMJ laterally, and with the postglenoid tubercle, acts to prevent posterior dislocation of the joint?

A

lateral ligament

61
Q

Describe the movements of the TMJ

A
  • hinging: b/w mandibular condyle and articular disc
  • gliding: b/w articular disc/condyle complex and mandibular fossa for wider gape
62
Q
  • What muscles elevate/close the mouth?
  • What muscles depress/open the mouth?
A
  • temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid
  • lateral pterygoid and suprahyoid and infrahyoid mm
63
Q
  • What muscles protrude the chin?
  • What muscles retrude the chin?
  • What muscles provide lateral movements (grinding and chewing) of the mandible?
A
  • lateral pterygoid, masseter, medial pterygoid m
  • temporalis m and masseter m
  • temporalis of same side, pterygoids of opposite sides, and masseter m
64
Q

What bones contribute to the orbit of the eye?

A
  1. frontal
  2. maxilla
  3. zygomatic
  4. sphenoid
  5. palatine
  6. ethmoid
  7. lacrimal
65
Q

What is contained in the orbital region?

A
  • eyelids
  • extraocular mm
  • nerves and BVs
  • orbital fascia
  • mucous membrane (conjunctiva)
66
Q
  • What bound orbits anteriorly, controlling exposure of anterior eyeball?
  • What position the eyeballs, and raise the superior eyelids?
  • What surrounds eyeballs and muscles?
  • What lines the eyelids and anterior aspect of eyeballs, and most of the lacrimal apparatus, which lubricates it?
A
  • eyelids
  • extra-ocular muscles
  • orbital fascia
  • mucous membrane (conjunctiva)
67
Q
  • What is the function of the eyelids?
  • What do the eyelids contain?
A
  • protect cornea and eyeball from injury and irritation
    contents:
  • tarsal plate
  • tarsal glands
  • modified sebaceous glands
  • apocrine glands
  • accessory lacrimal glands
  • superior tarsal m
68
Q
  • What secretes an oily mixture into tears?
  • What is found on the superior eyelid only, is smooth m, and helps elevate eyelid with other major muscles?
  • What does ^ attach to?
A
  • tarsal glands
  • superior tarsal muscle
  • attaches to tarsal plate along with levator palpebrae superioris m
69
Q
  • which conjunctiva is reflected onto the eyeball, where it is continuous with the bulbar conjunctiva?
  • Which conjunctiva is loose and wrinkled over sclera and contains small blood vessels and is adherent to the periphery of the cornea?
A
  • palpebral conjunctiva
  • bulbar conjunctiva
70
Q

What refers to the inflammation of the conjunctival tissue, engorgement of blood vessels, pain, and ocular discharge, and is classified as acute or chronic and infectious or noninfectious?

A

conjunctivitis

71
Q
  • What secretes lacrimal fluid (tears)
  • What convey tears from glands to conjunctival sac?
  • What convey tears from lacrimal lake to lacrimal sac?
  • What conveys tears to nasal cavity?
  • What is the dilated superior part of the nasolacrimal duct?
A
  • lacrimal glands
  • lacrimal ducts
  • lacrimal canaliculi
  • nasolacrimal duct
  • lacrimal sac
72
Q

The production of lacrimal fluid is stimulated by parasympathetic impulses from what nerve?

A

CN VII (facial n)

73
Q

What is the parasympathetic and sensory innervation of the lacrimal gland?

A
  • parasympathetic: CN VII (facial n)
  • sensory innervation: CN V1 (via lacrimal branch)
74
Q

What are the 3 layers of the eyeball? What forms these layers/included in them?

A
  • outer fibrous layer: sclera and cornea
  • middle vascular layer: choroid, ciliary, iris
  • inner layer: retina (optic and nonvisual parts)
75
Q

Which part of the eye (which layer) is non-visual and visual?

A

the 3rd layer

76
Q

Describe the sclera

A
  • white of the eye
  • posterior 5/6 of the eye
  • attachment for extrinsic an intrinsic mm
  • anterior part is visible through transparent bulbar conjunctiva
77
Q

Describe the cornea

A
  • transparent part of the fibrous layer of the eye
  • anterior 1/6 of the eye
  • highly sensitive to touch
  • completely avascular
78
Q

What is the angle between intersecting curvatures of sclera and cornea?

A

corneal limbus

79
Q
  • For the corneal/blink reflex, what provides sensation (irritant to cornea/conjunctiva) to the cornea?
  • What provides motor function to the cornea is the blink reflex? What muscle is affected?
A
  • CN V1
  • CN VII; orbicularis oculi muscle
80
Q

What type of response can you get with a corneal/blink reflex?

A

both direct (ipsilateral) and consensual (contralateral)

81
Q
  • A normal (positive) response of the corneal/blink reflex is a (…)
  • Absence of a response suggests a lesion of (…); a lesion of the (…) - the motor nerve to the orbicularis oculi - may also impair this reflex
A
  • blink
  • lesion of CN V1
  • CN VII
82
Q
  • What is found between the sclera and retina and is a vascular bed?
  • What is the thickening of the vascular layer of the eye posterior to the corneoscleral junction?
  • What lies on the anterior surface of the lens, has a contractile diaphragm with central aperture for transmitting light?
A
  • choroid
  • ciliary body
  • iris
83
Q
  • What are the two muscles of the iris?
  • Which muscle controls the contraction of the pupil that decreases pupil size?
  • Is this parasympathetic or sympathetic?
  • What nerve is this innervated by?
  • Which muscle controls contraction of the pupil that increases pupil size?
  • Is this parasympathetic or sympathetic?
A
  • sphincter pupillae, dilator pupillae
  • sphincter pupillae
  • parasympathetic
  • CN III
  • dilator pupillae
  • sympathetic
83
Q

What provides attachment for the lens, allowing us to focus on things, and has ciliary processes that secrete aqueous humor that supplies the cornea and lens?

A

ciliary body

84
Q
  • What reflex is tested using a penlight during neurological examination?
  • What provides sensory to the pupillary light reflex?
  • What provides motor to the pupillary light reflex?
  • What type of response does this give?
A
  • pupillary light reflex
  • optic n (CN II)
  • oculomotor n (CN III)
  • direct and indirect/consensual
85
Q
  • In the pupillary light reflex, when light enters one eye, both pupils (…)
  • The first sign of compression of the oculomotor nerve is (…) of the pupillary response to ligh
A
  • constrict
  • ipsilateral slowness
86
Q
  • What are the two different parts of the retina?
  • Which part is sensitive to visual light rays?
  • Which part is the anterior continuation of the pigmented layer and a layer of supporting cell?
A
  • optic part; nonvisual part
  • optic part
  • pigmented layer
87
Q
  • The optic part of the retina has two different layers, what are they?
  • Which part is light receptive?
  • Which part reinforces light-absorbing property of the choroid in reducing scattering of light in the eyeball?
A
  • neural layer, pigmented layer
  • neural layer
  • pigmented layer
88
Q
  • What type of information does the peripheral retina collect?
  • What makes up the peripheral retina?
  • Which part is capable of generating an electrical signal?
  • Which part is the pigmented layer of retina that supports photoreceptor function?
A
  • information from periphery
  • neural retina and RPE (retinal pigmented epithelium)
  • neural retina
  • RPE
89
Q
  • What collects light in the peripheral retina and form them into neural pathways (electric signal)?
  • What do the axons of the peripheral retina form?
A
  • photoreceptors
  • CN II
90
Q
  • Where do sensory fibers and vessels conveyed by CN II enter the eye?
  • Are there photoreceptors?
  • What is a name for this area?
A
  • optic disk
  • no
    “blind spot”
91
Q
  • What contains special photoreceptor cones specialized for acuity of vision?
  • What is found at the center of this that is a depression and area of most acute vision?
A
  • macula
  • fovea centralis
92
Q
  • What makes up the ganglion cell in the fovea?
  • What does the fovea allow for?
A
  • 1 photoreceptor: 1 bipolar: 1 ganglion cell
  • maximum discrimination (highest visual acuity) and highest density of cone photoreceptors (color)
93
Q

What are the different refractive media and compartments?

A
  • anterior chamber of the eye
  • posterior chamber of the eye
  • aqueous humor
  • vitreous humor
94
Q
  • Where is the anterior chamber of the eye found?
  • Where is the posterior chamber of the eye found?
  • What is the aqueous humor produced by?
  • What includes watery fluid enclosed in the meshes of the vitreous body?
A
  • between cornea and iris/pupil
  • between iris/pupil and lens/ciliary body
  • ciliary processes
  • vitreous humor
95
Q
  • What provides nutrients for avascular cornea and lens?
  • What does this structure drain through?
A
  • aqueous humor
  • drains through trabecular meshwork at iridocorneal angle into scleral venous sinus
96
Q
  • In the absence of nerve stimulation, the ciliary muscle of the lens is (…)
  • The zonular fibers are under (…)
  • The lens is stretched thin to refract light for (…)
A
  • relaxed
  • tension
  • distant vision
97
Q
  • Parasympathetic stimulation causes the ciliary muscle of the lens to (…)
  • The zonular fibers (…)
  • In absence of stretching, internal tension causes lens to become more spherical to refract light for (…)
A
  • contract
  • relax
  • near vision
98
Q
  • What is the term for the active process of changing shape of the lens for near vision?
  • What is the parasympathetic innervation for this to occur?
A
  • accommodation
  • CN III
99
Q
  • What are the main arteries that supply the orbit?
  • What do they branch from?
A
  • ophthalmic a (internal carotid artery)
  • infra-orbital a (branch of external carotid artery)
100
Q
  • What are the branches of the ophthalmic artery?
  • What do they supply?
A

central retinal a
- optic retina inner layers (outer layer of the eye)
ciliary aa
- choroid, ciliary body, iris, optic retina ( supplies middle layer of the eye)
supraorbital/supratrochlear aa
- skin area
ethmoidal aa

101
Q
  • The venous drainage of the orbit is through the (1) and (2) veins, which pass through the superior orbital fissure and enter the (3)
  • What are the two main ways of drainage of the orbit of the eye?
A
  • superior and inferior ophthalmic veins
  • enter the cavernous sinus
  • pterygoid venous plexus; cavernous sinus
102
Q

What are the different extraocular muscles of the eye?

A
  • levator palpebrae superioris
  • superior rectus
  • lateral rectus
  • medial rectus
  • inferior rectus
  • superior oblique
  • inferior oblique
103
Q

What are the different movements of the eye?

A
  • abduction: lateral deviation
  • adduction: medial deviation
  • elevation
  • depression
  • intorsion: inward rotation
  • extorsion: outward rotation
104
Q
  • What are the actions of the medial rectus m?
  • What is it innervated by?
A
  • adducts eye; medial deviation
  • oculomotor n (CN III)
105
Q
  • What are the actions of the lateral rectus m?
  • What is it innervated by?
A
  • abducts eye; lateral deviation
  • abducens n (CN VI)
106
Q
  • What are the actions of the superior rectus m?
  • What is it innervated by?
A
  • elevates the eye; intorsion
  • oculomotor n (CN III)
107
Q
  • What are the actions of the inferior rectus m?
  • What is it innervated by?
A
  • depresses eye; extorsion
  • oculomotor n (CN III)
108
Q
  • What are the actions of the inferior oblique m?
  • What is it innervated by?
A
  • elevates eye; extorsion
  • oculomotor n (CN III)
109
Q
  • What are the actions of the superior oblique m?
  • What is it innervated by?
A
  • depression; intorsion
  • trochlear n (CN IV)
110
Q
  • Which muscles elevate the eye?
  • Which muscles depress the eye?
  • Which muscles intort the eye?
  • Which muscles extort the eye?
  • What muscles does oculomotor innervate?
  • Which muscle does abducens innervate?
  • Which muscle does trochlear innervate?
A
  • superior rectus; inferior oblique
  • inferior rectus; superior oblique
  • superior rectus; superior oblique
  • inferior rectus; inferior oblique
  • medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique
  • lateral rectus
  • superior oblique
111
Q
  • What nerves provide sensory innervation to the orbit?
  • What nerves provide motor innervation to the orbit?
A
  • optic nerve, ophthalmic nerve
  • oculomotor n, trochlear n, abducens n
112
Q
  • What nerve transmits impulses generated from the visual retina and is surrounded by menginges and SAS?
  • What are the 3 main branches of the ophthalmic nerve?
  • What do they supply sensory to?
A
  • optic nerve
  • lacrimal: sensory to lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, and skin of superior eyelid
  • frontal: sensory to superior eyelid, scalp, and forehead
  • nasociliary: sensory to eyeball w/ branches to orbit, face, paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity and anterior cranial fossa
113
Q
  • What type of fibers does the oculomotor n provide and to where?
  • What type of fibers does the trochlear n provide and to where?
  • What type of fibers does the abducens n provide and to where?
A
  • GSE to all other extraocular mm; GVE as parasympathetic fibers to the pupillary light reflex
  • GSE fibers to superior oblique m
  • GSE fibers to lateral rectus m
114
Q
  • What is the action of the levator palpebrae superioris?
  • What is it innervated by?
A
  • elevates superior eyelid
  • oculomotor n (CN III) - deep layer supplied by sympathetic fibers

Anatomy (25 decks)

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