Lower Limb: Anteromedial Thigh, Hip and Knee Joints Flashcards
Most of the adductor muscles of the thigh attach to where?
the posterior aspect of the femur - linea aspera
What allows greater mobility of the femur at the hip joint because it places the head and neck more perpendicular to the acetabulum?
angle of inclination
What is advantageous for bipedal walking; however, it imposes considerable strain on the neck of the femur?
angle of inclination
If the angle of inclination decreases, what is there a higher risk of?
fracture because there would be more weight on the head and neck of the femur
What forms the connection between the lower limb and the pelvic girdle?
the hip joint
What type of joint is the hip joint?
a multiaxial ball and socket type of synovial joint
What joint is designed for stability over a wide range of movement?
the hip joint
During standing, the weight of the upper body is transferred through the (1) to the (2)
- hip bones
- heads of femurs
The head of the femur is covered with articular cartilage, except for a medial placed depression or pit, the (…)
fovea for the ligament of the head of the femur
What is the hip joint reinforced by?
- anteriorly and superiorly: iliofemoral ligament
- inferiorly and anteriorly: pubofemoral ligament
- posteriorly: ischiofemoral ligament
What is a strong ligament that attaches to the AIIS, acetabular rim proximally, and the inertrochanteric line to prevent hyperextension of the hip joint during standing?
iliofemoral ligament
What ligament arises from the obturator crest of the pubic bone and merges with the fibrous layer of the joint capsule, tightens during extension and abduction of the hip joint, and resists excessive abduction of the hip joint?
pubofemoral ligament
What ligament is weak and arises from the ischial part of the acetabular rim and attaches to the neck of the femur, medial to the base of the greater trochanter?
ischiofemoral ligament
What do each of these ligaments do:
- iliofemoral ligament
- pubofemoral ligament
- ischiofemoral ligament
- resists extension
- resists abduction
- resists extension
What pulls the femoral head medially into the acetabulum, increasing stability and are reciprocally balanced when doing so?
Both hip muscles (medial and lateral rotators of the thigh) and ligaments
What are the hip movements?
- flexion, extension
- abduction, adduction
- medial, lateral rotation
- circumduction
What is the deep fascia of the lower limb called? What does it do?
fascia lata
- limits contraction (outward extension of contracting muscles)
- increases venous compression
What does the fascia lata attach to and is continuous with?
- superiorly, the inguinal ligament, pubic arch, body, and tubercle
- Scarpa’s fascia of the inferior abdominal wall inferior to the inguinal ligament
The thigh muscles are separated into three fascial compartments, (…), formed by the (…)
- anterior, medial, and posterior compartment
- formed by the fascia lata
The walls of the thigh compartments are formed by the fascia lata and three (…) that arise from the deep aspect of the fascia lata and attach to the (…) on the posterior aspect of the femur
- fascial intermuscular septa
- linea aspera
The (…) intermuscular septum is strong; the other two septa are relatively weak. The (…) is continuous with the lateral intermuscular septum.
- lateral
- iliotibial tract
The (…) is deep to the skin and consists of loose connective tissue that contains a variable amount of fat, cutaneous nerves, superficial veins, lymphatic vessels, and lymph nodes
subcutaneous tissue (superficial fascia)
The subcutaneous tissue of the hip and thigh is continuous with what?
- inferior part of the anterolateral abdominal wall
- buttocks
The (…) of the thigh is especially strong, investing the limb like an elastic stocking. This fascia limits (…) of contracting muscles, making muscular contraction more efficient in compressing the veins to push blood toward the heart. This fascia is also called the (…)
- deep fascia
- outward extension
- fascia lata