Rosai Chapter 8 - Thyroid Gland Flashcards
Development of Thyroid gland
-cords and plates of follicular cells are formed microscopically
9th week
Development of Thyroid gland
-small follicular lumina appear
10th week
Development of Thyroid gland
-Colloid secretion become evident
12th week
Development of Thyroid gland
-gland consists of well-developed follicles lined by follicular cells and containing thyroglobulin-positive colloid in the lumen
14th week
Specific transcription factors that control the development of the thyroid gland (5)
- TTF-1 (NKX 2-1)
- TTF-2 (FoxE1)
- PAX8
- HHEX
- NKX 2-5
Functional maturation requires the activity of… (3)
- TSH
- TSHr
- Gs alpha
Pretracheal node located near the isthmus
Delphian node
Follicular cells with abundant granular acidophilic cytoplasm (4):
- Hurthle cells
- Askanazy cells
- Oxyphilic cells
- Oncocytes
Main ultrastructural features of follicular cells (4)
- Abundant granular endoplasmic reticulum
- well-developed Golgi apparatus
- Lysosomes
- numerous Microvilli in the luminal border
An ultrastructural feature of follicular cells that is numerous in actively secreting cells and mainly located toward the apical side
-Lysosomes
Most widely used marker in thyroid gland
Thyroglobulin
NIS or Pendrin & Anoctamin-1 (ANO1)
Sodium iodide symporter
NIS
NIS or Pendrin & Anoctamin-1 (ANO1)
mediates active iodide uptake
NIS
NIS or Pendrin & Anoctamin-1 (ANO1)
-Basolateral
NIS
NIS or Pendrin & Anoctamin-1 (ANO1)
-expressed at higher level in normal thyroid gland
NIS
NIS or Pendrin & Anoctamin-1 (ANO1)
-Transmembrane member of Discovered on GIST1 (DOG1)
Pendrin & Anoctamin-1 (ANO1)
NIS or Pendrin & Anoctamin-1 (ANO1)
-for passive iodide efflux towards follicular lumen
Pendrin & Anoctamin-1 (ANO1)
NIS or Pendrin & Anoctamin-1 (ANO1)
-Apical
Pendrin & Anoctamin-1 (ANO1)
Extemely useful marker for all types of primary and metastatic (including medullary carcinoma) thyroid carcinoma
- TTF-1
* Except for Anaplastic carcinoma
May be the best to demonstrate the thyroid origin of anaplastic carcinoma
PAX8
Locatio of C cells or Parafollicular cells
-Middle and upper thirds of the lateral lobes along their central axes
Characteristics of C cells (3)
- Argyrophilic with Grimelius reaction
- Metachromatic with toluidine blue
- Positive for lead hematoxylin
IHC of solid cell nests (2)
- HMW Keratin
- CEA
Most frequent location of Heterotopic thyroid tissue
-Base of the tongue
Isosceles triangle where large majority of heterotopic thyroid tissue are formed
Wöfler area
Base or Apex of Wöfler area:
-Edge of the Mandible
Base
Base or Apex of Wöfler area:
-Concavity of the Aortic arch
Apex
