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PATHOLOGY > Rosai Chapter 16 - Appendix > Flashcards

Rosai Chapter 16 - Appendix Flashcards

1
Q

The appendix reaches its maximum diameter by what age?

A

4 years old

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2
Q

other name of Obliteration of the tip of the Appendix (4):

A
  • Fibrous obliteration
  • Neuroma
  • Neuroappendicopathy
  • Neurogenic appendicitis
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3
Q

Most common abdominal surgical emergency

A

Acute appendicitis

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4
Q

Earliest gross findings in acute appendicitis

A

-dullness of the serosal surface with injection of the serosal vessels

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5
Q

Most common complication of acute appendicitis

A

Perforation

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6
Q

Most helpful in confirming the diagnosis of Crohn disease in the appendix

A

presence of Extra-appendiceal disease

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7
Q

other name of Enterobius vermicularis (2)

A
  • Pinworms

- Oxyuriasis

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8
Q

Highest prevalence of pinworm infection

A

-Children and Adolescents

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9
Q

Bacterial infection that is a well-known cause of granulomatous appendicitis

A

Yersinia (Y. enterocolitica or Y. pseudotuberculosis)

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10
Q

Characteristic histologic features of Yersinia infection (3):

A
  • Epithelioid granulomas with associated prominent lymphoid tissue
  • Mural fibrosis
  • Transmural lymphoid aggregates
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11
Q

Histologic features that distinguish Sessile Serrated Polyps/Adenomas from Hyperplastic polyps (4):

A
  • Dilated crypts
  • Serrations that extend the full length of the gland
  • Lateral branching/budding of glands at the base
  • “Reverse maturation”
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12
Q

Intestinal-type Adenoma vs. SSP/A & LAMN

-do not show circumferential involvement of the mucosa

A

Intestinal-type Adenoma

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13
Q

Other name of Goblet Cell Carcinoid (3):

A
  • Goblet cell-type Adenocarcinoid
  • Mucinous carcinoid tumor
  • Crypt cell carcinoma
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14
Q

Goblet cell carcinoid tumor that give rise to adenocarcinoma, often signet ring cell type or poorly differentiated

A

Adenocarcinoma ex goblet cell carcinoid

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15
Q

Features indicative of carcinoma in Adenocarcinoma ex goblet cell carcinoid (4):

A
  • Significant nuclear atypia
  • Single infiltrating cells
  • Loss of mucin production
  • increased Ki-67 immunolabeling
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16
Q

Distinct manner of invasion of the appendiceal wall in LAMN

A

-a broad pushing front with effacement of the muscularis mucosae and mural atrophy, fibrosis, and/or calcification

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17
Q

Features favoring diverticulum over LAMN (3):

A
  • Presence of non-neoplastic epithelium
  • Continuity of mural epithelium with that lining the lumen of the lesion
  • intact, normal-appearing muscularis propria
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18
Q

Myxoglobulosis is also known as:

A

“Caviar appendix”

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19
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHCs of Appendiceal mucinous neoplasm and Pseudomyxoma peritonei:

CK20

A

POSITIVE

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20
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHCs of Appendiceal mucinous neoplasm and Pseudomyxoma peritonei:

CDX2

A

POSITIVE

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21
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHCs of Appendiceal mucinous neoplasm and Pseudomyxoma peritonei:

MUC2

A

POSITIVE

22
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHCs of Appendiceal mucinous neoplasm and Pseudomyxoma peritonei:

CK7

A

Variably positive

23
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

Mutations in appendiceal adenomas, LAMN, and Mucinous adenocarcinoma

KRAS

A

Positive

24
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

Mutations in appendiceal adenomas, LAMN, and Mucinous adenocarcinoma

BRAF

A

NEGATIVE

25
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

Mutations in appendiceal adenomas, LAMN, and Mucinous adenocarcinoma

APC

A

NEGATIVE

26
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

Mutations in appendiceal adenomas, LAMN, and Mucinous adenocarcinoma

MSI

A

NEGATIVE

27
Q

Most common type of appendiceal tumor

A

Well differentiated NETs

28
Q

Location of great majority of Appendiceal NETs

A

-tip/distal third

29
Q

Morphologically, the vast majority of appendiceal NETs

A

Serotonin-producing Enterochromaffin (EC) cell tumors

30
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHC of EC cell tumors:

Chromogranin A

A

Positive

31
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHC of EC cell tumors:

Synaptophysin

A

Positive

32
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHC of EC cell tumors:

Serotonin

A

Positive

33
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHC of EC cell tumors:

CDX2

A

Positive

-marker of midgut derivation

34
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHC of EC cell tumors:

S100

A

Positive

-in sustentacular cells

35
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHC of EC cell tumors:

Ki-67

A

Positive

-very low (less than 1%)

36
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHC of EC cell tumors:

Pancytokeratin

A

Weakly Positive

37
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHC of EC cell tumors:

CK7

A

Negative

38
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHC of EC cell tumors:

CK20

A

Negative

39
Q

Formerly known as Tubular Carcinoids

A

-Enteroglucagon (L) cell NETs

40
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHC of L cell NETs:

Chromogranin B

A

Positive

41
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHC of L cell NETs:

Synaptophysin

A

Positive

42
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHC of L cell NETs:

Glucagon

A

Positive

43
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHC of L cell NETs:

IgA

A

Positive

44
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHC of L cell NETs:

Pancreatic polypeptide

A

Positive

45
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHC of L cell NETs:

Peptide YY

A

Positive

46
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHC of L cell NETs:

CEA

A

Positive

47
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHC of L cell NETs:

Ki-67

A

Positive

-very low

48
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHC of L cell NETs:

CK7

A

Variable

49
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHC of L cell NETs:

CK20

A

Variable

50
Q

POSITIVE or NEGATIVE

IHC of L cell NETs:

Chromogranin A

A

Negative

51
Q

Features favoring tubular carcinoids over primary or metastatic adenocarcinoma (3):

A
  • Lack of mitoses and nuclear atypia
  • Orderly arrangement
  • Origin at the base of the glands of otherwise normal mucosa

PATHOLOGY (26 decks)

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