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Botany > Roots > Flashcards

Roots Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of roots?

A

● Anchor plants into soil
● Absorb water and minerals
● Store food or water
● Other specialized functions

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2
Q

When a seed germinates, the _____ grows out and develops into the first root

A

Radicle

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3
Q

Dicots have taproot systems with one or more _______

A

Primary root

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4
Q

They arise from primary roots

A

Secondary roots

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5
Q

They develop from non-root tissues (e.g., stems or leaves)

A

Adventitious roots

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6
Q

It develops from adventitious roots

A

Fibrous root system

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7
Q

The four regions/zones of root structure:

A

○ Root cap
○ Region of cell division
○ Region of elongation
○ Region of maturation

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8
Q

● Parenchyma cells covering the tip of each root
● Protects tissues from damage as root grows

A

Root Cap

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9
Q

● Secretes mucilage that acts as lubricant
○ Secreted by dictyosomes of outer cells
○ Allows growth of beneficial bacteria

A

Root Cap

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10
Q

It lives for <1 week. Functions in perception of gravity

A

Root Cap

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11
Q

When root cap is removed, roots grow in random directions. True or false?

A

True

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12
Q

They pool on downward side of cells

A

Amyloplast

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13
Q

● Apical meristem in center of root tip
● Produces the root cap
● Most of the cell division near root cap
○ Divide every 12-36 hrs
● Rhythmic division, usually noon or midnight

A

Region of Cell Division

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14
Q

It produces epidermis

A

Protoderm

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15
Q

It produces parenchyma of cortex

A

Ground meristem

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16
Q

It produces primary xylem and phloem

A

Procambium

17
Q

● Cells elongate by merging of vacuoles
○ Occupy 90% of cell volume
● Only root cap and apical meristem push thru soil
● Rest of the root remain stationary
● Girth may increase if cambium is present

A

Region of Elongation

18
Q

Cells differentiate and forms root hairs

A

Region of Maturation

19
Q

○ Absorb water and minerals
○ Tubular extensions of specialized epidermal cells

A

Root hairs

20
Q

● Parenchyma cells between epidermis and inner tissues
● Mostly store food

A

Cortex

21
Q

It is the inner boundary. Can be seen in between the pericycle and cortex.

A

Endodermis

22
Q

It is one cell layer thick. Cell walls embedded with lignin and suberin

A

Endodermis

23
Q

Substances form bands called?

A

Casparian strips

24
Q

● Found on radial and transverse cell walls
● Prevent water from passing through cell walls
● Forces water and solutes through cell membranes or plasmodesmata of endodermis

A

Casparian Strips

25
Q

Contains vascular tissues and the pericycle

A

Vascular Cylinder

26
Q

The parenchyma cells that produces lateral roots and part of vascular cambium.

A

Pericycle

27
Q

● Consists of core and arms
○ Made of tracheids or vessels
● Surrounds pith parenchyma cells in monocots

A

Primary xylem

28
Q

● Conducts food
● Forms patches between xylem arms

A

Primary phloem

29
Q

● Creates secondary xylem and phloem
● Develops from parts of the pericycle and other parenchyma cells between the xylem arms and phloem patches

A

Vascular Cambium

30
Q

● Develops from pericycle outside of vascular cambium
● Forms the cork tissue

A

Cork Cambium

31
Q

● Growth that stops after an organ is fully expanded or after a plant has reached a certain size

A

Determinate Growth

32
Q

● New tissues are added indefinitely, season after season

A

Indeterminate Growth

33
Q

Adventitious buds on roots develop into aerial stems called

A

Suckers

34
Q

Suckers can be grown individually and separate from original plant. This an example of what type of specialized root?

A

Propagative Roots

35
Q

In plants with roots growing in water. Spongy roots that extend above the water’s surface. Enhance gas exchange between atmosphere and subsurface roots. This an example of what type of specialized root?

A

Pneumatophores

36
Q

● Velamen roots of orchids prevent water loss
● Corn prop roots support the plants in a high wind
● Photosynthetic roots manufacture food
● Adventitious roots aid in climbing

These are examples of what type of specialized root?

A

Aerial roots

37
Q

● Pull plants deeper into soil
● Found usually in bulbous plants

These are examples of what type of specialized root?

A

Contractile Roots

38
Q

They are a specialized root that stabilize large trees.

A

Buttress Roots

39
Q

● Haustoria are rootlike projections that penetrate host tissue.
● Plants without chlorophyll parasitize through haustoria.

These are examples of what type of specialized root?

A

Parasitic Roots

Botany (6 decks)

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