Plant Tissues

Question 1

Permanent regions of growth and active cell division

Answer 1

Meristems

Question 2

Found at the tips of roots and shoots

Answer 2

Apical Meristems

Question 3

Roots and shoots increase in length as the apical meristems produce new cells. It is called ________

Answer 3

primary growth

Question 4

Embryo Leaves and buds and 3 primary meristems develop where?

Answer 4

Apical Meristems

Question 5

Primary meristems are:

Answer 5

Protoderm, ground meristem, procambium

Question 6

Primary meristems produce primary tissues. True or false?

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Produce secondary tissues that increase the girth of roots and stems. It includes the vascular cambium and the cork cambium.

Answer 7

Lateral Meristems

Question 8

It is the increase of girth in stems

Answer 8

Secondary growth

Question 9

Sometimes just known as cambium. Produces secondary tissues that function primarily in support and conduction. Composed of a thin cylinder of brick-shaped cells that extends the length of stems and roots. Cambial cylinder often branches, except at the tips.

Answer 9

Vascular Cambium

Question 10

Individual remaining cells of the cambium are called ______, and their sister cells are called _______.

Answer 10

Initials; derivatives

Question 11

A thin cylinder that runs the length of roots and stems of woody plants. Lies outside vascular cambium just inside the outer bark. It produces bark

Answer 11

Cork cambium

Question 12

Grasses and related plants do not have vascular cambium nor cork cambium. Occur in vicinity of nodes (leaf attachment area) along stems. Add to stem length

Answer 12

Intercalary meristems

Question 13

Simple tissues are composed of one type of cell. Complex tissues have two or more cell types. True or false?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

• Thin, pliable walls
• Usually 14-sided at maturity
• Living cytoplasm, often containing large vacuoles and various secretions
• May remain alive a long time
• Have spaces between them

Answer 14

Parenchyma cells

Question 15

Parenchyma tissue with extensive connected air spaces, usually in aquatic plants

Answer 15

Aerenchyma

Question 16

Parenchyma cells containing chloroplasts that function in photosynthesis

Answer 16

Chlorenchyma

Question 17

Develop irregular extensions of inner wall that greatly increase surface area of plasma membrane. For ex., nectaries of flowers

Answer 17

Transfer cells

Question 18

• Living cytoplasm
• May remain alive a long time
• Cell walls thick, with uneven thickness
• Pliable and strong, thus provide flexible support

Answer 18

collenchyma cells

Question 19

• Thick, tough, secondary walls, normally impregnated with lignin
• Dead at maturity
• Function in support

Answer 19

sclerenchyma cells

Question 20

What are the two types of sclerenchyma cells?

Answer 20

Schlereids and fibers

Question 21

• Scattered in tissue
• Cells as long as wide
• Include stone cells

Answer 21

Schlereids

Question 22

• Found in roots, stems, leaves, and fruits
• Much longer that wide and contain lumen (tiny cavity)
• Have been used by humans for thousands of years as rope, string, canvas, textiles, etc.

Answer 22

Fibers

Question 23

Composed of two or more kinds of cells. Include xylem and phloem, epidermis, and periderm,

Answer 23

Complex tissues

Question 24

Transports and stores water and water-soluble nutrients in vascular plants. Chief conducting tissue for water and minerals that are absorbed by the roots. It is composed of parenchyma cells, fibers, vessels, tracheids and ray cells

Answer 24

Xylem

Question 25

It is responsible for transporting sugars, proteins, and other organic molecules in plants. Conducts dissolved food materials produced by photosynthesis throughout plant. It is composed of sieve tube members, companion cells, fibers, parenchyma cells and ray cells

Answer 25

Phloem

Question 26

In woody plants, most complex tissues are produced by the vascular cambium and are called what?

Answer 26

Vascular tissues

Question 27

A protective layer covering all plant organs. It is one cell-layer thick.

Answer 27

Epidermis

Question 28

• Comprises the outer bark of woody plants.
• Consists mainly of cork cells
• Has pockets of parenchyma-like cells

Answer 28

Periderm

Question 29

Long tubes made of vessel elements

Answer 29

Vessels

Question 30

• Thick secondary cell walls
• Open at both ends
• Secondary walls develop irregularly
• Perforation plate between end walls

Answer 30

Vessel elements; Vessels

Question 31

Tapered at the ends with pairs of pits that allow water to pass from cell to cell. Dead at maturity. Has thick secondary cell walls and may have spiral thickening on cell wall

Answer 31

Tracheids

Question 32

Areas without secondary cell

Answer 32

Pits

Question 33

Function in lateral conduction and food storage
• Composed of long-lived parenchyma cells
• Produced in horizontal rays by ray initials of the vascular cambium
• In woody plants they radiate out from the center like spokes of a wheel

Answer 33

Rays

Question 34

Narrow, tapered cells associated with sieve tube members

Answer 34

Companion cells

Question 35

• Lack secondary cell walls and nuclei
• Lay end to end to form sieve tubes
• Walls have sieve plates with small pores
• Callose forms callus plug - Prevents leaking of sieve tube contents when cell injured

Answer 35

Sieve Tube Members

Question 36

Fatty substance on the surface of outer walls of epidermis that forms cuticle

Answer 36

Cutin

Question 37

Loosely arranged pockets of parenchyma cells formed by cork cambium that protrude through the surface of periderm. Allows for gaseous exchange.

Answer 37

Lenticels