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Botany > Flowers > Flashcards

Flowers Flashcards

1
Q

_______ flowers are around 0.1 mm

A

Wolffia

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2
Q

___________________ reached 1 meter.

A

Rafflesia arnoldii

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3
Q

Largest inflorescence is __________ 2 meters tall

A

Amorphophallus titanium

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4
Q

It is the term for a collection of flowers

A

inflorescence

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5
Q

complete their life cycle in one season

A

Annuals

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6
Q

take two growing seasons

A

Biennials

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7
Q

take several growing seasons

A

Perennials

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8
Q

By life cycle in a flowers growing season, it means: ?

A

Blooming period

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9
Q

It is found at the tip of the stem. Flowers begin as this, then eventually develops into a bud

A

Primordium

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10
Q

It branch out from the peduncle

A

Pedicels

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11
Q

Solitary flowers mean: ?

A

Singular flower

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12
Q

It is the attachment point of the flower and swollen end of pedicel

A

Receptacle

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13
Q

Consists of three or more plant parts encircling another plant part at the same point on an axis

A

Whorl

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14
Q

Outermost whorl and usually green, leaflike. Collectively known as calyx. Protects the flower while it is in the bud

A

Sepal

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15
Q

Collectively known as corolla. It can be showy or inconspicuous

A

Petals

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16
Q

Collective name for calyx and corolla together

A

Perianth

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17
Q

If sepals and petals are indistinguishable, they are called ?

A

tepals

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18
Q

Male reproductive organ. Consists of filament with anther at top

A

Stamen

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19
Q

This develops in the anthers

A

Pollen grains

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20
Q

All stamens are collectively called the ?

A

androecium

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21
Q

Female reproductive part of a flower. It is in the middle

A

Pistil

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22
Q

The top part of the pistil. It is sticky

A

Stigma

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23
Q

The stigma is connected by ______ to the base of the flower

A

Style

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24
Q

The base of pistil

A

Ovary

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25
Q

Divisions of pistil

A

Carpels

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26
Q

A type of ovary that is above the perianth

A

Superior ovary

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27
Q

A type of ovary that is below the perianth

A

Inferior ovary

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28
Q

The ovary contains _______, which develops into seeds after fertilization

A

Ovules

29
Q

Matured (fertilized) ovary and its accessory parts. Usually contains seeds

A

Fruit

30
Q

The skin of the fruit

A

Exocarp

31
Q

The boundary around seeds

A

Endocarp

32
Q

It is between exocarp and endocarp

A

Mesocarp

33
Q

It is the collective term for all fruit regions (exo, endo, meso)

A

Pericarp

34
Q

It develops from a flower with one pistil

A

Simple fleshy fruits

35
Q

Simple fleshy fruit with single seed enclosed by a hard, stony endocarp. It has one carpel
E.g., coconut, apricots, cherries, peaches, plums, olives, almonds

A

Drupe

36
Q

From compound ovary, with more than one seed, and with fleshy pericarp. It has multiple carpels

A

Berry

37
Q

It has thin skin and soft pericarp.
E.g., Tomatoes, grapes, peppers, bananas

A

Berry

38
Q

Berries with thick rinds
E.g., pumpkin, cucumber, watermelon, squash, cantaloupe

A

Pepo

39
Q

Berry with leathery skin containing oils
E.g., orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit, tangerine, kumquat

A

Hesperidium

40
Q

Flesh comes from enlarged floral tube or receptacle that grows up around ovary. Endocarp papery or leathery
E.g., apple, pear, quince

A

Pome

41
Q

Mesocarp that dries at maturity

A

Dry Fruits

42
Q

Fruits that split at maturity

A

Dehiscent fruits

43
Q

Splits along one side (suture)
E.g., larkspur, milkweed, peony

A

Follicle

44
Q

Splits along two sutures
E.g., peas, beans, lentils, peanuts

A

Legume

45
Q

Split along two sides, but seeds are on central partition — more than three times longer —than wide Silicles are <3x longer than wide.
E.g., broccoli, cabbage

A

Silique

46
Q

Consists of at least two carpels. Split in a variety of ways
E.g., iris, poppy, violet, snapdragon

A

Capsule

47
Q

Fruits that do not split at maturity

A

Indehiscent Fruits

48
Q

Only base of the single seed is attached to the pericarp
E.g., sunflower, buttercup, buckwheat, strawberry

A

Achene

49
Q

Like achene, but larger, with harder and thicker pericarp, and a cluster of bracts at base
E.g., acorns, hazelnuts, hickory nuts

A

Nut

50
Q

Also called caryopsis. Pericarp is tightly united with seed and cannot be separated from it.
E.g., corn, wheat, rice, oats, barley

A

Grain

51
Q

Pericarp extends as wings — for wind dispersal
E.g., maple, ash, elm, oak

A

Samara

52
Q

Twin fruit that breaks into one-seeded segments called mericarps
E.g., carrot, anise, dill

A

Schizocarp

53
Q

Derived from single flower with several pistils. Individual pistils mature as clustered unit on single receptacle.
E.g., raspberries, blackberries, strawberries

A

Aggregate Fruits

54
Q

Derived from several to many individual flowers in single inflorescence
E.g., mulberries, osageorange, pineapples, figs

A

Multiple Fruits

55
Q

Dispersal by wind

A

Anemochory

56
Q

Dispersal by animals

A

Zoochory

57
Q

Dispersal by water

A

Hydrochory

58
Q

Some seeds are mechanically ejected.
E.g., squirting cucumber

A

Other Mechanisms

59
Q

where the ovule was attached to ovary wall

A

Hilum

60
Q

A tiny pore that allows entry of water. Once the seed imbibes water, it swells and splits the seed coat.

A

Micropyle

61
Q

Food storage organs that function as seed leaves

A

Cotyledons

62
Q

Undeveloped leaves and meristem at tip of embryo axis. This allows when it emerges

A

Plumule

63
Q

the stem above the cotyledons

A

Epicotyl

64
Q

the stem below the cotyledons

A

Hypocotyl

65
Q

Primitive root of the embryo

A

Radicle

66
Q

Beginning of seed growth. Some seeds require period of dormancy — due to mechanical or physiological factors

A

Germination

67
Q

What are the ff:
- Water and oxygen
- Light, or its absence
- Proper temperature

A

Conditions for Germination

68
Q

Seeds break dormancy by:

A

mechanical abrasion, thawing and freezing, bacterial action, soaking rains

69
Q

Seeds that do not have dormancy. Embryo grows continuously while fruit is still on the tree.

A

Vivipary

Botany (11 decks)

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