Genetics and Molecular Biology

Question 1

Movement of a chromosome piece to another chromosome location

Answer 1

Transposition

Question 2

Genes or small DNA fragments that can move to a new location

Answer 2

Transposable elements (jumping genes)

Question 3

She discovered transposition in 1950s

Answer 3

Barbara McClintock

Question 4

Discovery of DNA structure in 1953 by

Answer 4

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 5

Chromosomes composed two types of large molecules:

Answer 5

DNA and protein

Question 6

DNA molecule organized into chain of nucleotides composed of three parts:

Answer 6

• Nitrogenous base
• 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
• Phosphate group

Question 7

Hydrogen bonds hold base on one side of helix to another base on other side

Answer 7

rungs of ladder

Question 8

Segment of DNA that directs protein synthesis

Answer 8

Gene

Question 9

Sum total of DNA in an organism’s chromosomes

Answer 9

Genome

Question 10

New DNA molecule consists of one strand from original molecule and another built using that parental strand as a template

Answer 10

semi-conservative replication

Question 11

Copy of gene message made from DNA template using RNA building blocks

Answer 11

Transcription

Question 12

Contains ribose, instead of deoxyribose sugars; single stranded; thymine replaced by uracil

Answer 12

RNA

Question 13

RNA translated to produce proteins. Occurs in cytoplasm

Answer 13

Translation

Question 14

Translated to produce proteins

Answer 14

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 15

Machinery for translation

Answer 15

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 16

Machinery for translation

Answer 16

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 17

sequence at end signals transcription enzymes to fall off

Answer 17

Terminator DNA

Question 18

fundamental to control of gene expression

Answer 18

Nonprotein-coding DNA

Question 19

Sequence of three amino acids that recognize and pair with codon on mRNA

Answer 19

Anticodon

Question 20

Agents that alter DNA sequences

Answer 20

Mutagens

Question 21

Occurs in body cell

Answer 21

Somatic mutation

Question 22

Occurs in tissues that will produce sex cells

Answer 22

Germ-line mutation

Question 23

Study of chromosome behavior and structure from a genetic point of view

Answer 23

Cytogenetics

Question 24

Chromosomal piece breaks and reinserts in opposite orientation

Answer 24

Inversion

Question 25

Chromosomal piece breaks off and attaches to another chromosome

Answer 25

Translocation

Question 26

Carries one or more extra chromosome(s), or is missing one or more chromosome(s)

Answer 26

Aneuploid

Question 27

Has at least one complete extra set of chromosomes

Answer 27

Polyploid

Question 28

Offspring of parental generation

Answer 28

First filial generation (F1)

Question 29

Offspring of F1 plants

Answer 29

Second filial generation (F2)

Question 30

Factors (alleles), which always occur in pairs, control the inheritance of various characteristics

Answer 30

Law of unit characters

Question 31

For any given pair of alleles, one (dominant) may mask the expression of the other (recessive)

Answer 31

Law of dominance

Question 32

Organism’s physical appearance

Answer 32

Phenotype

Question 33

Genetic information responsible for contributing to phenotype

Answer 33

Genotype

Question 34

Start with cross between two true-breeding parents differing for a trait

Answer 34

Monohybrid Cross

Question 35

F1 plants intercrossed to produce F2 generation

Answer 35

Monohybrid Cross

Question 36

Start with parents differing in two traits

Answer 36

Dihybrid cross

Question 37

Factors (genes) controlling two or more traits segregate independently of each other

Answer 37

Law of independent assortment

Question 38

Genes on same chromosome

Answer 38

Linked genes

Question 39

Genes on different chromosomes

Answer 39

Unlinked genes

Question 40

A cross between a hybrid and one of its parents. If we have desireable trait to preserve

Answer 40

Backcross

Question 41

Cross between a plant having a dominant phenotype with a homozygous recessive plant. This will determine whether plant with dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous

Answer 41

Testcross

Question 42

Heterozygote is intermediate in phenotype to the two homozygotes

Answer 42

Incomplete dominance (absence of dominance)

Question 43

exhibit range of phenotypes rather than discrete phenotypes as studied by Mendel

Answer 43

Quantitative traits

Question 44

Proportions of dominant alleles to recessive alleles in a large, random mating population will remain same from generation to generation in the absence of forces that change those proportions

Answer 44

Hardy-Weinberg law

Question 45

Random loss of alleles can occur if individuals do not mate as often

Answer 45

Small populations

Question 46

Most significant cause of exception to H-W

Answer 46

Selection