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Botany > Plant Metabolism > Flashcards

Plant Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Converts light energy to a usable form like food

A

Photosynthesis

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2
Q

Releases stored energy

A

Respiration

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3
Q

Sum of all interrelated biochemical processes in living organisms

A

Metabolism

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4
Q

Forming chemical bonds to build molecules

A

Anabolism

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5
Q

Store energy by constructing carbohydrates by combining carbon dioxide and water

A

Photosynthesis reactions

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6
Q

Breaking chemical bonds

A

Catabolism

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7
Q

Release energy held in chemical bonds by breaking down carbohydrates, producing carbon dioxide and water

A

Cellular respiration reactions

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8
Q

involves transfer of energy via oxidation-reduction reactions

A

Photosynthesis-respiration cycle

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9
Q

Loss of electron(s)

A

Oxidation

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10
Q

Gain of electron(s)

A

Reduction

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11
Q

It is lost during oxidation and gained during reduction

A

Hydrogen atom

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12
Q

It is usually final acceptor of electron

A

Oxygen

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13
Q

What reaches chloroplasts in mesophyll cells by diffusing through stomata into leaf interior?

A

Carbon dioxide

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14
Q

The source of electrons in photosynthesis and oxygen is released as byproduct

A

Water

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15
Q

What will happen if water is in short supply or light intensities too high to reduce supply of CO2 available for photosynthesis

A

Stomata closes

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16
Q

About how many percentage of radiant energy received on earth is in form of visible light

A

40%

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17
Q

The light/color wavelengths that are used more extensively

A

Violet to blue and red-orange to red

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18
Q

This light is reflected

A

Green light

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19
Q

How many daylight is needed for photosynthesis in normal plants?

A

Around 30%

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20
Q

How many daylight is needed for photosynthesis in shade plants?

A

10%

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21
Q

Ratio of carbon dioxide to oxygen inside leaves may change if?

A

If light and temperature’s too high

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22
Q

Photooxidation occurs, which results in destruction of chlorophyll if?

A

If light intensity too high

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23
Q

It captures light in chlorophyll molecules

A

Magnesium end

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24
Q

It anchors into thylakoid membrane

A

Lipid tail

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25
Q

Most plants contain what type of chlorophyll?

A

Chlorophyll a (blue-green color) and chlorophyll b (yellow-green color)

26
Q

_____ transfers energy from light to _____

A

Chlorophyll b ; chlorophyll a

27
Q

Two phases of photosynthesis

A
  • Light-dependent reactions
  • Light-independent reactions
28
Q

Phase of photosynthesis that occur in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts

A

Light-dependent reactions

29
Q

Phase of photosynthesis that occur in stroma of chloroplasts. Utilize ATP and NADPH to form sugars

A

Light-Independent Reactions

30
Q

The final product for light independent reaction

A

NADPH

31
Q

Carbon dioxide combines with RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate) and then combined molecules are converted to sugars (glucose)

A

Calvin cycle

32
Q

This is produced during light-dependent reactions

A

Energy furnished ATP and NADPH

33
Q

He noted that photosynthesis “restored” oxygen in 1772

A

Joseph Priestley

34
Q

He showed that air is only restored when the green parts of plants received sunlight in 1779

A

Jan Ingen-Housz

35
Q

He discovered that photosynthesis requires CO2 in 1782

A

Jean Senebier

36
Q

He showed that carbon is a plant nutrient in 1796

A

Jan Ingen-Housz

37
Q

He showed that water is required in 1804

A

Theodore de Saussure

38
Q

can be divided into different colors using a prism

A

Visible white light

39
Q

Each pigment has its own distinctive pattern of light absorption

A

pigment’s absorption spectrum

40
Q

Shorter wavelengths carry ?

A

Greater amounts of energy

41
Q

Chlorophylls absorb light in what wavelengths?

A

the violet to blue and red wavelengths

42
Q

He demonstrated how chlorophylls absorb light in 1882 using Spirogyra

A

T.W. Engelmann

43
Q

energy is immediately released as light

A

Fluorescence

44
Q

energy is emitted as light after a delay

A

Phosphorescence

45
Q

Two types of photosynthetic units:

A

photosystem I and photosystem II

46
Q

T or F: Only organisms with both photosystem I and photosystem II can produce NADPH and oxygen as a consequence of electron flow

A

True

47
Q

chlorophyll a, small amount of chlorophyll b, carotenoid pigment, and P700

A

Photosystem I

48
Q

reaction-center molecule in Photosystem I - Only one that actually can use light energy

A

P700

49
Q

Gather and pass light energy to reaction center. Remaining pigments

A

Antenna pigments

50
Q

Primary electron acceptors, first to receive electrons from P700

A

Iron-sulfur proteins

51
Q

chlorophyll a, B-carotene, small amounts of chlorophyll b, and reaction-center molecule: P680

A

Photosystem II

52
Q

reaction-center molecule in Photosystem II

A

P680

53
Q

Primary electron acceptor

A

Pheophytin (Pheo)

54
Q

Water-splitting, occurs in Photosystem II

A

Photolysis

55
Q

ATP is formed from ADP

A

Phosphorylation

56
Q

source of energy for synthesis of ATP

A

Movement of protons across membrane

57
Q

Competes with carbon-fixing role of photosynthesis

A

Photorespiration

58
Q

The products in Photorespiration and are processed in perioxisomes

A

2-carbon phosphoglycolic acid

59
Q

Produces 4-carbon compound instead of 3-carbon PGA during initial steps of light-independent reactions

A

4-Carbon pathway

60
Q

Similar to photosynthesis in that 4-carbon compounds produced during light-independent reactions

A

CAM photosynthesis

61
Q

release of energy from glucose molecules that are broken down to individual carbon dioxide molecules

A

Respiration

62
Q

carried on in absence of O2

A

Anaerobic respiration and fermentation

Botany (11 decks)

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