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Botany > Growth and Development > Flashcards

Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

Irreversible increase in mass due to division and enlargement of cells

A

Growth

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2
Q

Plant grows, stops growing and dies in one season

A

Determinate growth

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3
Q

Plant or parts of plant grow and continue to be active for several to many years

A

Indeterminate growth

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4
Q

Cells develop different forms adapted to specific functions

A

Differentiation

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5
Q

Coordination of growth and differentiation of a single cell into tissues and organs

A

Development

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6
Q

Furnish elements and energy for plant growth and maintenance

A

Nutrients

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7
Q

Nutrients are obtained from ?

A

air and soil

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8
Q

Organic molecules that participate in catalyzed reactions, mostly by functioning as electronacceptors or donor

A

Vitamins

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9
Q

Production dictated by genes

A

Hormones

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10
Q

can be used to measure hormone concentrations

A

Bioassays

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11
Q

occurs mainly in apical meristems, buds, young leaves and actively growing parts of plants

A

Auxin

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12
Q

Promotes thicker, stronger flower stalks

A

Gibberellins

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13
Q

Stimulants to cell division

A

Cytokinins

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14
Q

Has inhibitory effect on stimulatory effects of other hormones

A

Abscisic Acid (ABA)

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15
Q
  • Produced by fruits, flowers, seeds, leaves and roots
  • Produced from amino acid methionine
  • Can trigger its own production
A

Ethylene

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16
Q

Released from cell walls by enzymes - Influence cell differentiation, reproduction, and growth in plants

A

Oligosaccharins

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17
Q

Bind to receptors on cell surfaces. Affect apical dominance, gravitropism, seed germination

A

Brassinosteroids

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18
Q

Suppression of growth of lateral (axillary) buds

A

Apical dominance

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19
Q

Breakdown of cell components and membranes, eventually leading to death of cell

A

Senescence

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20
Q

Result from varying growth rates in different parts of an organ

A

Growth movements

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21
Q

Spiraling movements not visible to eye

A

Nutations

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22
Q

Side-to-side oscillations

A

Nodding movements

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23
Q

Visible spiraling in growth

A

Twining movements

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24
Q

Non-directional movements

A

Nastic movements

25
Q

Permanent downward bending

A

Epinasty

26
Q

Permanent movements resulting from external stimuli

A

Tropisms

27
Q

Organ receives greater stimulus on one side

A

Initial perception

28
Q

One or more hormones become(s) unevenly distributed across organ

A

Transduction

29
Q

Result of greater cell elongation on one side

A

Asymmetric growth

30
Q

Growth movement toward (+) or away (-) from light

A

Phototropism

31
Q

Growth responses to stimulus of gravity

A

Gravitropism

32
Q

Positively gravitropic

A

Primary roots

33
Q

Negatively gravitropicUsed to negate the effects of gravity. A chamber in which seedlings are grown.

A

Clinostat

34
Q

Contact with solid object

A

Thigmotropism

35
Q

Tropism that is affected by chemicals

A

Chemotropism

36
Q

Tropism that is affected by temperature

A

Thermotropism

37
Q

Tropism that is affected by Wounding

A

Traumotropism

38
Q

Tropism that is affected by Electricity

A

Electrotropism

39
Q

Tropism that is affected by Dark

A

Skototropism

40
Q

Tropism that is affected by Oxygen

A

Aerotropism

41
Q

Result from changes in internal water pressures and often initiated by contact with objects outside of plant

A

Turgor movements

42
Q

Special swellings at base of leaf

A

Pulvini

43
Q

Leaves often twist on their petioles in response to illumination and become perpendicularly oriented to light source

A

Heliotropism (Solar tracking)

44
Q

Movement that involves entire plant or reproductive cell

A

Taxes (taxic movement)

45
Q

Length of day (night) directly related to onset of flowering

A

Photoperiodism

46
Q

Will not flower unless day length is shorter than a critical period

A

Short-day plants

47
Q

Will not flower unless periods of light are longer than a critical period

A

Long-day plants

48
Q

Will not flower if days too short, or too long

A

Intermediate-day plants

49
Q

Will flower under any day-length, provided there is minimum amount of light necessary for normal growth

A

Day-neutral plants

50
Q

Pigments that control photoperiodism

A

Phytochromes

51
Q

Absorbs red light

A

Pr

52
Q

Absorbs far-red light

A

Pfr

53
Q

Blue, light-sensitive pigments that play a role in circadian rhythms and interact with phytochromes to control reactions to light

A

Cryptochromes

54
Q

Optimum night and day temperatures

A

Thermoperiod

55
Q

Period of growth inactivity in seeds, buds, bulbs, and other plant organs even when temperature, water, or day length would typically cause growth

A

Dormancy

56
Q

State in which seed cannot germinate unless environmental conditions normally required for growth are present

A

Quiescence

57
Q

Factors that control change from dormancy to germination in seeds

A

After-ripening

58
Q

Artificially breaking dormancy

A

Stratification

Botany (11 decks)

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