Root of neck

Question 1

Root of neck: location + inferior border

Answer 1

Junction, neck + thorax, sup. inlet

Inf. border = inlet

Question 2

Prevertebral muscles: name

Answer 2

Longus colli
Longus capitis
Scalenes

Question 3

Longus colli: attachments

Answer 3

Ant. tubercle atlas
Ant. surface bodies C2-T3
Transverse process C3-C6

Question 4

Anterior scalene: origin + insertion

Answer 4

Origin = transverse processes C3-C6
Insertion = scalene tubercle, 1st rib

Question 5

Vertebral triangle: borders

Answer 5

Ant. scalene = lat.
Longus colli = med.
1st part subclavian a. = inf./base

Question 6

Vertebral triangle: contents

Answer 6

Vertebral a. = 1st part subclavian
Cervical spinal nerves
Cervical sympathetic trunk + ganglia

Question 7

Nerves in root of neck: name

Answer 7

Vagus
Phrenic
Cervical portion of sympathetic trunk

Question 8

Root of neck: vagus nerve

Answer 8

Leaves jugular foramen, descends
Post. + btw. IJV + CCAs
Enters thorax, ant. subclavian a. + post. brachiocephalic v.
Cardiac branches originate = to cardiac plexus

Question 9

Root of neck: phrenic nerve

Answer 9

Formed at lat. border ant. scalene
C3-5
Ant. to scalene + enters between subcalvian a. + v.

Question 10

Cervical portion of sympathetic trunk: location + structure

Answer 10

Ant. longus colli + capitis, post. CCA in sheath
3 ganglia
Connected to spinal n. by grey rami communicans, no white in region
In ganglion: ascending preganglionic sympathetic fibres from upper thoracic region synapse postganglionic fibres
Fibres = distributed in br.

Question 11

Superior cervical ganglion: location + branches

Answer 11

C1 + C2
Branches:
*carotid a. - plexus
*spinal n. C1-C4 through grey communicans
*pharynx
*heart = sup. cardiac n.

Question 12

Middle cervical ganglion: location + branches

Answer 12

C6
Branches:
*spinal n. C5+6 through grey communicans
*heart = middle cardiac n.

Question 13

Inferior cervical ganglion: location + branches

Answer 13

C7, ant. neck rib 1 + transverse process of C7
Can form stellate/cervicothoracic ganglion
Branches:
*spinal n. C7-T1 through grey communicans
*vertebral a. - plexus
*heart = inf. cardiac n.

Question 14

Subclavian artery: supply, origin + course in neck

Answer 14

Supply upper limb, neck + brain
Origin = brachiocephalic trunk (R) + aortic arch (L)
Course:
*begins post. sternoclavicular joint, ascend + enter root
*arch sup.lat. - reach apex as pass post. to ant. scalene
*descend, disappear post. middle clavicle
*outer margin rib 1 = axillary

Question 15

Subclavian artery: 1st part

Answer 15

Sternoclavicular to medial border ant. scalene
Origin = brachiocephalic (R) + aortic arch (L)
All branches, except costocervical trunk
Branches:
*vertebral a.
*thyrocervical trunk = suprascapular, transverse cervical, ascending cervical + inf. thyroid
*ITA

Question 16

Vertebral artery: origin + course

Answer 16

1st br. of subclavian
Ascends, transverse foramen C6
Superiorly, foramina C5-C1
Sup. border C1, turns medially, crosses post. arch
Foramen magnum to post. cranial fossa

Question 17

Subclavian artery: 2nd part

Answer 17

Post. to ant. scalene
Costocervical trunk:
*deep cervical = ascend back of neck, anastomose occipital
*supreme IC = descend, ant. neck rib 1 + divide 2 post. IC a.

Question 18

Subclavian artery: 3rd part

Answer 18

Lat. ant. scalene, before outer margin rib 1

Reaches margin = axillary a.

Question 19

Subclavian vein: origin, course, tributaries + termination

Answer 19

Cont. of axillary v.
Starts outer border rib 1
Passes over rib, parallel to subclavian a. = separtaed by ant. scalene
EJV = only tributary
Terminates when joined by IJV to form brachicephalic v.
Union = venous angle - thoracic (L) + R lymphatic duct drain lymph into venous circulation