Pericardium & External Surface Of Heart

Question 1

Surface anatomy of heart: superior, inferior, right + left borders

Answer 1

Sup. = 3rd cartilage (R) to 2nd ICS in MCL (L) Inf. = 6th cartilage (R) to 5th ICS in MCL (L) Right = 3rd to 6th cartilage Left = 2nd to 5th ICS in MCL

Question 2

Surface anatomy: apex of heart

Answer 2

5th ICS in MCL on left

Question 3

Sternocostal/anterior surface of heart

Answer 3

Mainly RV Some LV, RA + both auricles Coronary + ant. IV sulci

Question 4

Basal/posterior surface of heart

Answer 4

Mainly LA Small part of RA Proximal parts of great veins = SVC, IVC + pulmonary

Question 5

Diaphragmatic/inferior surface of heart

Answer 5

Mainly LV Some of RV Separated by post. IV sulcus On diaphragm Separated from base by coronary sinus Extends from base to apex

Question 6

Apex of heart

Answer 6

Inferolateral part of LV

Question 7

Right pulmonary surface of heart

Answer 7

RA

Question 8

Left pulmonary surface of heart

Answer 8

LV Forms cardiac impression on left lung

Question 9

Coronary sulcus

Answer 9

AV groove Btw. atria + ventricles Circumferential RCA, SCV, CS, GCV + circumflex br. of LCA

Question 10

Anterior interventricular sulcus

Answer 10

Ant. surface, btw. ventricle Coronary sulcus to apex Ant. IV br. of LCA + GCV

Question 11

Posterior interventricular sulcus

Answer 11

Inf. surface, btw. ventricles Coronary sulcus to apex Post. IV br. of RCA + MCV

Question 12

Blood supply of heart: name

Answer 12

RCA + LCA

Question 13

Right coronary artery: supply + branches

Answer 13

Supplies: *most RA *most RV *some LV *some IV septum *SA node *AV node Branches: *R marginal *post. IV *SA nodal *AV nodal

Question 14

Left coronary artery: supply + branches

Answer 14

Supplies: *LA *most LV *most IV septum *SA node Branches: *circumflex *ant. IV *L marginal

Question 15

Blood supply of heart: anastomoses

Answer 15

Ant. IV br. + post. IV br. Circumflex br. + RCA

Question 16

Venous drainage of heart

Answer 16

From wall by coronary sinus Coronary sinus: *post. part of sulcus, left of IVC *continuation of GCV *main tributaries = 4 cardiac veins *also post. v. of LV, ant. v. of RV + oblique v. of LA GCV= from apex, with ant. IV br. + circumflex br. MCV = in post. IV sulcus, with post. IV br. SCV = right inf. border, hooks around, with right marginal br.

Question 17

Pericardium: function + name layers

Answer 17

Encloses heart FIbrous + serous Serous = parietal + visceral

Question 18

Fibrous pericardium

Answer 18

Ext. layer Ant. = sternum Post. = vertebrae Inf. = central tendon of diaphragm Sup. = adventitia of great vessels - asc. aorta, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins + SVC

Question 19

Serous pericardium

Answer 19

Internal Parietal: *lines fibrous *cont. with visceral at roots of great vessels Visceral: *cardiac muscle *epicardium

Question 20

Pericardial space/cavity

Answer 20

Btw. visceral + parietal Serous fluid Transverse sinus: *separates arterial pole vessels from venous pole vessels *post. ascending aorta + trunk *ant. SVC *sup. LA Oblique sinus: *around venous pole vessels *behind heart, in wall of LA

Question 21

Innervation of pericardium

Answer 21

Phrenic, vagus + sympathetic trunk Somatic afferent fibres from phrenic = pain sensation - ref. to supraclavicular region of shoulder dermatomes Trunks = vasomotor supply

Question 22

Blood supply of pericardium

Answer 22

Fibrous: *pericardiophrenic *musculophrenic Serous: *coronary a.

Question 23

Venous drainage of pericardium

Answer 23

Fibrous: *azygous *ITV Serous: *coronary veins