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Anatomy > Anterior Cervical Region > Flashcards

Anterior Cervical Region Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial cervical fascia

A 
Btw. dermis + deep fascia
Contains:
*nerves to skin
*superficial veins = EJV
*superficial lymph nodes
*fat
*platysma
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2
Q

Platysma: position, origin, insertion, action + innervation

A 
Postion = anterolat. aspect neck + superomed. over clavicle
Origin = deep fascia deltoid + pec. major
Insertion = inf. border mandible
Action = tenses skin over jaw + neck, depress mandible + corners mouth
Innervation = cervical br. of facial n.
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3
Q

Deep cervical fascia: layers + function

A

Investing, pretracheal + prevertebral

Supports cervical viscera + forms carotid sheath

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4
Q

Investing layer of fascia: origin, structures it encloses + structures that pierce it

A 
Most superficial
Sup. nuchal line - meets trapezius + SCM & encloses
Structures piercing it:
*ext. jugular v.
*ant. jugular v.
*transverse cervical n.
*supraclavicular n.
*greater auricular n.
*lesser occipital n.
*all = cervical plexus
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5
Q

Pretracheal layer of fascia

A 
Ant. aspect
Inf. from hyoid - thorax
Muscular = infrahyid m.
Visceral = thyroid, trachea + oesophagus
Lat. = carotid sheath
Sup. hyoid = thickening - pulley for int. tendon digastric, suspends hyoid
Attaches int. tendon omohyoid
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6
Q

Prevertebral layer of fascia

A 
Tube-like sheath
Encloses:
*cervical vertebrae
*vertebral m. = longus colli + capitis, scalenes + deep cervical
*sympathetic trunk
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7
Q

Carotid sheath

A 
Column of fascia
All 3 layers
Contains:
*CCA
*ICA
*IJV
*vagus n.
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8
Q

Sternocleidomastoid: importance, origin, insertion, innervation + actions

A 
Divides neck into ant. + post.
Origin:
*sternal = ant. manubrium
*clavicular = sup. medial third
Insertion:
*lat. mastoid process, temporal bone
*lat. sup. nuchal line, occipital bone
Innervation = accessory n.
Actions:
*tilt head same side, rotate head opp. side + draw forward
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9
Q

Anterior triangle: borders, roof + floor

A 
Borders:
*midline = medial
*SCM = inf.lat.
*inf. border mandible = sup.lat.
Roof = investing fascia
Floor = visceral fascia
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10
Q

Submental triangle: borders

A

Midline = medial
Hyoid = base/inf.
Ant. belly digastric = lat.

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11
Q

Submental triangle: floor

A

Mylohyoid + raphe

Geniohyoid + genioglossus

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12
Q

Submental triangle: contents

A

Fat + lymph

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13
Q

Submandibular triangle: borders

A

Ant. belly digastric = medial
Post. belly digastric = base/inf.
Ramus = lat.

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14
Q

Submandibular triangle: floor

A 
Ant. = mylohyoid
Post. = hyoglossus + small part sup. pharyngeal constrictor
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15
Q

Submandibular triangle: contents

A 
Submand. gland
Submand. duct
Lingual n.
Lingual a. + v.
Marginal mandibular branch of facial n.
Plexus of v. draining to facial v.
Hypoglossal n.
Lymph nodes
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16
Q

Carotid triangle: borders

A

SCM = lat.
Post. belly digastric = sup.med.
Sup. belly omohyoid = inf.med.

17
Q

Carotid triangle: floor

A

Middle + inf. pharyngeal constrictors
Thyrohyoid
Hyoglossus

18
Q

Carotid triangle: contents

A 
Ansa cervicalis
Branches of ECA
CCA
CCA bifurcation
Vagus n.
Hypoglossal n. 
IJV
Sup. cervical ganglion
Sympathetic trunk
19
Q

CCA bifurcation

A

At C4

ICA stays in sheath + ECA leaves

20
Q

Muscular triangle: borders

A

Midline = medial
SCM = inf.lat.
Sup. belly omohyoid = sup.lat

21
Q

Muscular triangle: contents

A

Infrahyoid m.
Thyroid + parathyroid glands
Vessels + nerves to area

22
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Ant. neck, level C3

23
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A 
Sup. hyoid
4 pairs - submental + submandibular 
Floor of mouth
Elevate hyoid - speech + swallowing
Stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid + geniohyoid
24
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

A

Inf. hyoid
4 pairs - muscular
Depress hyoid - swallowing/speech
Strap m. - appearance
With supra. - stabilize hyoid, base for tongue
Superficial plane = omohyoid + sternohyoid
Deep plane = sternothyroid + thyrohyoid

25
Q

Common carotid arteries: origin, course + bifurcation

A 
RCCA = brachiocephalic trunk
LLCA = aortic arch
Through neck, lat. trachea + oesophagus
With sheath
No branches in neck
Sup. edge thyroid cartilage, level of C4 = bifurcation
26
Q

Aortic sinus + aortic body: location, function + innervation

A 
Loation:
*At bifurcation
*Dilation at CCA + beg. of ICA = sinus
*Another collection receptors = body
Function:
*Sinus = baroreceptors
*Body = chemoreceptors
Innervation:
*Sinus = glossopharyngeal n. 
*Body = glosso. + vagus n.
27
Q

Internal carotid artery: course + supply

A 
Course:
*Ascends, base of skull
*No branches in neck
*Carotid canal, temporal bone
Supplies:
*forehead
*hemispheres
*orbits
*eyes
28
Q

External carotid artery: branches

A

Mnemonic = Some Anatomy Lovers Find Odd Positions More Stimulating

Branches:

  • sup. thyroid
  • asc. pharyngeal
  • lingual
  • facial
  • occipital
  • posterior auricular
  • maxillary
  • superficial temporal
29
Q

Veins of anterior triangle: name

A

IJV
EJV
AJV

30
Q

Internal jugular vein: origin+ course

A 
Cont. sigmoid sinus
Starts sup. bulb
Exits cranial cavity, jugular foramen
Descends neck, sheath
Deep to SCM
Post. sternal end of clavicle - joins subclavian v. - brachiocephalic v.
31
Q

External jugular vein: location + termination

A

Superficial SCM

Terminates in subclavian v.

32
Q

Anterior jugular vein: origin + termination

A

Union of veins, hyoid region

Terminates in EJV

33
Q

Blood supply of thyroid gland: name

A

Sup. thyroid a.
Inf. thryoid a.
Occasionally = thyroid ima a.

34
Q

Superior thyroid artery: origin, course + branches

A

1st br. ECA
Descends, lat. thyrohyoid m.
Reaches sup. pole lat. lobe - divides
Ant. glandular br. = along sup. surface, anastomose with other side, across isthmus
Post. glandular br. = along post. surface, anastomose with inf. thyroid a.

35
Q

Inferior thyroid artery: origin + course

A

Thyrocervical trunk = from 1st part of subclavian a.
Med. border ant. scalene, post. sheath
Reaches inf. pole of lat. lobe
Anastomose - post. glandular br. of sup. thyroid a.

36
Q

Thyroid ima artery: origin + course

A

Aortic arch/brachiocephalic trunk
Ant. surface trachea
Supply thyroid

37
Q

Blood supply of parathyroid glands

A

Inf. thryoid a.

38
Q

Venous drainage of thyroid gland

A

Sup. v = area of sup. a.
Middle + inf. v. = rest
Sup. + middle drain into IJV
Inf. drains into brachiocephalic v.

39
Q

Thyroid gland: innervation

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerves

L = aorund arch + R = around subclavian

Anatomy (16 decks)

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