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Anatomy > Lungs & Pleura > Flashcards

Lungs & Pleura Flashcards

1
Q

Surface anatomy of lungs: lung borders + pleural reflection lines

A

MCL = 6th + 8th ribs MAL = 8th + 10th MSL = 10th + 12th

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2
Q

Surface anatomy of lungs: oblique fissure

A

Post. midline, near spine of T4 Lat. in downward direction Crosses 4th + 5th ICS Reaches 6th rib + follows curve

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3
Q

Surface anatomy of lungs: horizontal fissure

A

Ant. follows curve of 4th rib Meets oblique in MAL

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4
Q

Surface anatomy of lungs: apex, anterior borders (L+R), inferior border + posterior border

A

Apex = 2.5 cm above medial 2 thirds of clavicle Ant. (R) = apex, sternoclavicular joint, sternal angle, midline, xiphisternal joint Ant. (L) = same, turns lat. at 4th cartilage to form notch + returns to 6th cartilage Inf. = sternum to MAL Post. = C7-T10, 4cm from midline

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5
Q

Pulmonary/pleural cavities

A

Either side of mediastinum Separate Btw. visceral + parietal pleura

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6
Q

Visceral + parietal pleura: what it covers

A

Visceral = lung + contnuous with parietal at hilum Parietal = wall of cavity

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7
Q

Parietal pleura: subdivisions

A

Costal Cervical Mediastinal Diaphragmatic

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8
Q

Mediastinal pleura

A

Mediastinum Cont. with visceral

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9
Q

Diaphragmatic pleura

A

Sup. surface diaphragm

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10
Q

Costal pleura

A

Cartilages, ICSs + post. surface sternum

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11
Q

Cervical pleura

A

Apex of lung Continuation of costal + mediastinal Suprapleural membrane - reinforces + attaches to int. border of 1st rib & transverse process of C7

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12
Q

Pleural reflection lines

A

Sternal/ant. = costal + mediastinal ant. Costal/inf. = costal + diaphragmatic inf. Verterbal/post. = costal + mediastinal post.

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13
Q

Pleural recesses

A

Lungs do not fill ant./post. inferior regions of cavity 2 layers of parietal = opposed Expansion in forced inspiration + space for fluid Costomediastinal = btw. cardiac notch + ant. line Costodiaphragmatic = btw. lower border of lung + inf. line

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14
Q

Innervation of lungs

A

Pulmonary plexuses = ant. + post. - root of lung Parasympathetic = vagus - constriction Sympathetic = trunks - dilation

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15
Q

Innervation of parietal pleura

A

IC nerves = costal + peripheral diaphragmatic Phrenic = diaphragmatic + mediastinal

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16
Q

Blood supply + venous drainage of parietal pleura

A

IC vessels ITA Musculophrenic a. Accompanying veins

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17
Q

Blood supply + venous drainage of visceral pleura

A

Bronchial a. Subpleural + intersegmental v. to pulmonary v.

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18
Q

Pulmonary arteries: function

A

Deoxy. blood to lungs, from RV

19
Q

Pulmonary veins: function

A

Oxy. blood from lungs to LA

20
Q

Which lung is larger and why?

A

Right

Middle mediastinum (heart) bulges more to left

21
Q

Base of lung

A

On diaphragm

22
Q

Apex of lung

A

Above rib 1 + into root of neck

23
Q

Costal surface of lungs

A

Adj. to ribs + ICSs

24
Q

Mediastinal surface of lungs

A

Against mediastinum ant. + vertebral column post.

Contains hilum

25
Q

Inferior border vs. anterior & posterior borders of lung

A

Inf. = sharp + separates base from costal

Ant. + post. = smooth + rounded, separate costal from mediastinal

26
Q

Left lung: structure

A

Long + narrow

2 lobes, oblique

Inf. portion of med. surface = notched

Lingula = inf. projection of sup. lobe, above bulge

27
Q

Left lung: impressions

A

Aortic arch

Descending aorta

Cardiac impression

28
Q

Right lung: structure

A

Short + wide

3 lobes

Oblique = inf. from sup. + middle

Horz. = sup. from middle

29
Q

Right lung: impressions

A

Azygous arch

SVC

IVC

30
Q

Impressions on both lungs

A

Oesophagus

Trachea

1st rib

Brachiocephalic vein

31
Q

Root of lung: postition

A

Opposite T5-T7

32
Q

Root of lung: anterior relations

A

Phrenic n.

Pericardiophrenic a. + v.

Ant. pulmonary plexus

SVC (R)

RA (R)

Aortic arch (L)

33
Q

Root of lung: inferior relations

A

Pulmonary ligament

34
Q

Root of lung: superior relations

A

Aortic arch (L)

Branch of azygous (R)

35
Q

Root of lung: posterior relations

A

Vagus n.

Post. pulmonary plexus

Oesophagus (R)

Descending aorta (L)

36
Q

Bronchial tree: structure

A

Trachea = trunk

T4/T5 = bifurcation - 2 primary bronchi

Main bronchus enters root + passes through hilum

Trachea, primary, secondary/lobar, tertiary/segmental, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, sacs, alveoli

37
Q

Right bronchus vs. left bronchus

A

Right = wider, shorter + more vertical

38
Q

Bronchopulmonary segment

A

Area supplied by segmental bronchus + pulmonary a. branch

10 in each lung, sep. connective tissue

Smallest, functionally independent region, can be isolated + removed

39
Q

Pathology of bronchial tree

A

Object = more likely to travel down right bronchus

Upright = B10 segment

Supine = B6 segment

40
Q

Root of right lung

A

Most ant. + inf = pulmonary v.

Central = pulmonary a.

Post. + most sup. = primary bronchus

41
Q

Root of left lung

A

Most ant. + inf. = pulmonary v.

Central + most sup. = pulmonary a.

Post. = primary bronchus

42
Q

Blood supply of lungs

A

Systemic:

*3rd post. IC a. + descending aorta, right bronchial a

*descending aorta, 2 left bronchial a.

*bronchi, respiratory bronchioles + visceral pleura

Pulmonary:

*pulmonary trunk, pulmonary a. (L + R)

*rest of lung + alveoli

43
Q

Venous drainage of lungs

A

Bronchi, respiratory bronchioles + pleura:

*bronchial v.

*right bronchial v. - azygous

*left - hemi-azygous/sup. IC v.

Lung tissue + alveoli:

*pulmonary capillaries

*unite, pulmonary v.

*oxy blood to LA

Anatomy (16 decks)

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