Root of neck Flashcards
Contents of root of neck? Viscera Structures Arteries Veins Nerves
- Viscera: thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, larynx
- Structures: trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct, lymph nodes
- Arteries: Common carotid, subclavian (brachiocephalic trunk)
- Veins: Internal jugular, subclavian, brachiocephalic vein, external jugular, anterior jugular
- Nerves: Vagus, recurrent laryngeal, phrenic, sympathetic trunk, brachial plexus.
Thyroid cartilage is part of?
larynx
what is larynx?
airway/voice box
Thyroid gland location? Type of Organ? Lots of?
1) Right, left, pyramidal lobes.
2) Isthmus at 2 and 3 tracheal rings
3) SO MUCH BLOOD.
4) Major endocrine organ
what is pyramidal lobe?
extra extension of thyroid tissue
Blood supply to thyroid gland?
1) Inferior BS to thyroid gland is from subclavian subclavian, specifically the thyrocervical trunk (gives off 4 branches, major one is inferior thyroid artery, which supplies the inferior part of the thyroid gland)
2)superior thyroid artery that
comes off of external carotid
What is the Trachea?
- Tracheal rings lead down to carina and bronchi.
* Transmits air
Location of Parathyroid glands?
behind the lobes of thyroid, 2 on each side
*Embedded within the thyroid gland on the posterior side
What is Parathyroid glands?
- 4 glands embedded posteriorly In thyroid gland.
* Calcium regulation
Thoracic Duct location?
left side by venous angle (that is formed by left subclavian and left internal jugular)
What is the Thoracic Duct?
Thoracic duct is lymphatic drainage into venous return
Thoracic Duct dumps into?
the venous angle at junciont of left internal jugular and left subclavian veins *and then carries the lymph into venous circulation
what is cisterna chyli? location? Path of drainaige
most inferior part of thoracic duct
- T12/L1
- From cisterna chyli, the thoracic duct ascends along the right side of the vertebral column, but then eventually will cross over to dump into the left venous angle
Vast majority of lymph drains to the?
left side into the left thoracic duct
Thoracic duct drains everything from?
cisterna chyli down and then everything on the left side above (left thorax, left upper extremity and left head and neck all drain into thoracic duct)
right side of body drainage?
right lymphatic duct drains only the right thorax, the right upper extremity and the right head and neck
what branch off the aorta goes directly to root of neck?
L common carotid
*The right side first bracnhes as to Brachiocephalic trunk to GET to the right side, and then the R common carotid can go to neck root
common carotid arteries
are proximal to arota
spilt into ICA that goes to brain) and ECA
External carotid artery (ECA) goes where? supplies what?
ascends from C4 superiorly, supplying the more superficial structures of the head and anterior neck
*SUPPLES HEAD
landmark for L and R carotid artery bifurcation from common? Corresponds with?
C4, which usually corresponds to the thyroid cartilage
External carotid artery (ECA) pattern?
3-2-2 pattern
*3 anterior branches, 2 terminal branches, and 2 posterior branches
NAme of Anterior branches ECA?
1) superior thyroid artery — superior laryngeal artery
2) lingual artery
3) facial artery
superior thyroid artery? What is the name of its branch?
1st branch of anterior ECA
*which supplies the superior part of the thyroid gland, and it gives off a superior laryngeal artery, which supplies blood to the larynx
lingual artery
2nd branch of anterior ECA
*which goes to the oral cavity (tongue)
facial artery
3rd branch of anterior ECA
*all of the muscles of facial expression
Terminal branches of ECA supply?
All teeth, deep structures of the face
Name the terminal branches of ECA?
1) Maxillary a.
2) Superficial temporal a.
Maxillary a. supplies?
1st branch of terminal ECA
*gives off at least 17 branches; supplies the mandibular teeth, maxillary teeth, and associated structures (muscles of mastication)
Superficial temporal a.
2nd branch of terminal ECA
- Continuation of maxillary upward; splits into a bunch of branches and supplies the lateral scalp
- supplies lateral scalp (transverse facial to lateral face)
what are the branches of Superficial temporal a. (2nd branch of terminal ECA)
1) Transverse facial a.
2) Frontal branches
3) Parietal branches
Name the posterior branches of ECA?
1) Posterior auricular a.
2) Occipital a.
Posterior auricular a.
1st branch of posterior ECA
*Goes behind the ear to the posterolateral scalp (posterolateral scalp)
Occipital a.
2nd branch of posterior ECA
*Occipital region of the scalp (posterolateral scalp)
Internal carotid artery (ICA) supplies?
Brain via Circle of Willis
**the deep structures of the face and the
scalp
What are the names Internal carotid artery (ICA) segments? And what is their location/course?
1) cerebral part- goes up to the cerebrum to form the circle of Willis
2) cavernous part- runs along cavernous sinus
3) petroud part- courses through petrous part of the temporal bone (encased in
bone)
4) cervical part- runs along cervical vertebra
BS to the thyroid gland comes from both?
subclavian via thryocervical trunk and superior thyroid artery via ECA
Path of all segments of ICA?
Cervical part is ascending and enters into the carotid foramen, where is courses through the petrous part of the tympanic bone and emerges at the
internal opening of the carotid canal, then it runs alongside the sella turcica as the cavernous part and then comes up right next to the anterior clivoid process as the cerebral part and enters the circle of Willis
What was the cut artery that we saw in lab as the anterior part of circle of Willis?
internal carotid artery (ICA)
Inferior thyroid v. drains into?
drains directly into brachiocephalic veins
how does the branchiocephalic vein enter the heart?
branchiocephalic has to cross all the way over becuase it enters the superior vena cava on the right side of the heart
Anterior jugular vein drains what region?
region within the submental triangle
External jugular vein drains? Runs beneath what?
drains the more superficial face
*runs beneath the platysma and dumps into the subclavian
Phrenic n. is associated with what muscle?
anterior scalene (courses over it)
Brachial plexus is found between what muscles?
between the anterior and middle scalene
vagus n is found within?
within the carotid sheath next to common carotid and internal jugular
Sympathetic chain carries what info?
sympathetic up to the head (along vertebra)
Recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch off of?
What is unique/weird?
Branch of vagus nerve
**has weird looping: left side loops around the arch of the aorta and on the right side it loops under the subclavian
C5 and C6 come together to form the ____ trunk of brachial plexus
superior trunk
What forms middle trunk of brachial plexus?
C7
What forms inferior trunk of brachial plexus?
C8-T1
Dorsal scapular nerve off of
C5 (rhomboids and levator scapulae)
Suprascapular nerve off of
superior trunk (supraspinatus and infraspinatus)
Long thoracic nerve off of
C5, C6, and C7 (serratus anterior)
As the Sympathetic chain continues up; and we get to the cervical region, instead of having ganglia at each level you have?
3 ganglia total
*Superior cervical ganglion, middle cervical ganglion, and inferior cervical ganglion
Location of 3 cervical ganglia?
Inferior = right behind subclavian artery Middle = right next to thyroid gland Superior = higher, near C2
