Brain et al Names and Function Flashcards
what is the most rostral part of brain or embryonic ‘tube’?
telencephalon
telencephalon splits in how many ____ Lobes?
4 cerebral lobes: occipital, parietal, frontal, temporal
the lateral (sylvian) fissure separates?
the parietal AND frontal lobes from temporal lobe
central sulcus separates?
frontal and parietal
what sulcus can only be seen from a midsagital view?
parieto-occipital sulcus
what happens in corpus callosum?
all the axons are crossing over from one hemisphere to the other hemesphere
grey matter and white matter represent what for brain and spinal cord?
grey= cell body
white=axons
*same for BOTH brain and spinal cord
pre-central gyrus is found where? does what?
found in frontal lobe
*mediates the planning and initiation of voluntary movements
what does the prefrontal cortex do? developes when?
decision making, rational thinking, determining consequences
*developes in early 20s for females and late 20s for males
frontal lobe functions
- personality and executive function (control impulses, plan an action and know consequences)
- motor
- speech production
- olfaction
the pre-central gyrus is arranged in a way to represent?
the amount of nurons for motor movement in certain regions of body
**CORTICAL MOTOR HOMUNCULUS
Broca’s Area is housed where? Function?
Broca’s Area is housed in the inferior gyri of the frontal lobe and is the expressive/motor speech complex
The ____ and ____ sulci split the frontal lobe into ____, ____, and _____ gyri?
the superior and inferior frontal sulci split the frontal lobe into superior, middle, and inferior gyri
parietal lobe functions?
- mostly sensory
* sensory association
function of post-central gyrus?
primary somatosensory cortex= sensation we are cognitivly aware of like proprioception, temperature, pain, fine touch
the post-central gyrus is arranged in a way to represent?
the amount of neruons certain areas of the body use for sense
*CORTICAL SENSORY HOMUNCULUS
cortical motor VERSES cortical sensory homunculus?
- Similar: Large tongue. lips, hands
- More sensation in genitals for sensory homunculus
- hands and mouth most motor needed
- MOTOR IS VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT
The _____ sulcus splits the parietal lobe into ______ and ______
the intraparietal sulcus splits the parietal lobe into superior parietal lobule and inferior parietal lobule
What makes the parietal lobules important?
for senosry association; meaning the ability to interpret touch
Ex: the ability to guess what latter someone writes on your back
temporal lobe functions?
- hearing
- speech comprehension (Wernicke’s)
- memory
Wernicke’s Area is found where? function?
found in the superior portion of the temporal lobe next to the lateral sulcus.
*important for speech comprehension
how is Wernicke’s and Broca’s Areas different?
1) Location
2) Wernicke’s= speech comprehension and Broca’s= speech production
Limbic system found in what lobe? Does what?
temporal lobe; is SCENT TO MEMORY aka tieing scent to some sort of higher cognition like memory or emotion
The sensation of smell is highly tied to?
emotion and learning
what is super special about the sensation of smell?
it is the ONLY sense that goes directly to the brain for direct interpretation; NO synapse
what are the 3 structure found in the temporal/limbic system?
amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus
occipital lobe function? location?
vision; most causdal/posterior part of teloncephalon
The ______ sulcus separates the ____ and ____ gyri in the occipital lobe?
the Calcarine sulcus separates the lingula and cuneus gyri in the occiptal lobe
Location of lingula gyri and cuneus gyri?
In occipital lope; cuneus superior (C before L)
basal ganglia function?
modulation of motor contral; means fine tuning moement. the intiation and planning of movement (different from pre-central gyrus/motor complex bc it STARTS motion)
What is the basal ganglia? Misnamed why?
a collection of cell bodies found deep within brain (must be cut to see)
*misnamed bc all of the neurons in the CNS should be called nuclei
function of hypothalamus? What is attached to it?
drives,
*pituitary gland attached to it
function of pituitary gland? located?
neurohormones
*attached to hypothalamus
what is the thalamus? functions?
Huge cluster of bilateral nuclei
- sensory relay switchboard
- neurohormone release
- thermoregulation, circadian rhythms, thirst, hunger, BP/HR regulation, memory, adaptive responses
ALL sensation, except _____, enters the _____ before being sent into cortex?
ALL sensation, except olfactory, enters the thalamus before being sent into the cortex
Function and location of mammillary bodies?
in the hypothalamus; processing of recognition memory
function and location of colliculi?
midbrain; vision and hearing reflexes
Ex: hear or see something coming fast at you so you duck
function and location of pons?
metencephalon; ascending,descending tracts; nuclei (for cranial nerves)
function and location of cerebellum?
metencephalon; coordination of movement; fine coordination or skill like playing the piano
function and location of substantia nigra?
midbrain; movement, reward, and addiction
function and location of cerebral peduncle?
midbrain; descending motor tracts (meaning all motor info that is leaving the motor cortex travels down through this)
most caudal part of the entire brain is?
medulla oblongata as part of the myelencephalon
function and location of medulla?
myelencephalon; ascending and descending tracts and BASIC FUNCTIONS OF LIFE (cardiac, respiratory)
