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Head and Neck Anatomy > Clinical Correlates FINAL > Flashcards

Clinical Correlates FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

uncinate fits

A

seizures originating in the uncus, a region of the temporal lobe, are preceded by hallucinations of unpleasant odors and sometimes taste (warning)

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2
Q

what is anosmia?

caused by?

A

loss of olfaction

  • contralateral nostril can compensate for unilateral anosmia, so it can go unnoticed by patient
  • causes: head trauma, viral infections, intracranial lesions, nasal passage obstruction, Kallmann syndrome, overgrowth of muscus over cilia
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3
Q

Kallmann syndrome

A

genetic disorder

*marked by delayed puberty and a lack of smell; connected to ANOSMIA

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4
Q

CSF rhinorrhea

how is this tested????

A

fracture of cribiform plate due to trauma can rupture the cranial meninges, causing a CSF leak through the nose bc it shears dura

  • if left untreated, may lead to secondary bacterial infection such as MENINGITIS
  • **HALO TEST= drop of blood on papaer and if a shadow around outside occurs then there has been damage to cribiform plate
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5
Q

bitemporal hemianopia

A

damage at the optic chiasm, as the result of a tumor or aneurysm, may present as loss of vision in lateral fields (bitemporal hemianopia)

  • typically caused by problem with pituitary gland like a tumor causing compression on optic chiasm
  • ***First symptom is visual loss
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6
Q

orbital blowout

A
  • occurs medially and inferiorly involving the MX bone
  • contents may prolapse and become entrapped in the MX sinus
  • diplopia, globe ptosis, exophthamlos (protrusion of the eyeball)
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7
Q

pink eye

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva

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8
Q

dry eye syndrome or cysts

Give examples

A

dysfunction of the sebum
Ex: Chalazia or Stye!!!!

  • chalazion is chronic inflammation in oild producing gland
  • stye is from bacteria in gland at base of eyelid
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9
Q

CN 3 lesion

A

oculomotor nerve palsy

  • ‘down and Out’ syndrome
  • dilated, down and out pupil; ptosis
  • dilated caused by para response which is dominate at rest
  • dilate is sym
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10
Q

CN 4 lesion

A

trochlear palsy

  • pupil drift is opposite normal function so it goes UP and IN
  • diplopia
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11
Q

CN 6 lesion

A 
abducens nerve palsy
*pupil drift is medial 
*cannot fully abduct affected eye
***may turn head to compensate
clinical signi is STAGNUS
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12
Q

lazy eye

A

typically a weakness of a specifica muscle (or possible problem with nerve)

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13
Q

what is Ludwig’s Angina?
commonly caused by?
do what ASAP?

A
  • severe cellulitis from bacterial infection in the floor of oral cavity
  • 2nd to sublingual or submandibular infections (molar abscess)
  • may spread to neck and block airway— intubate ASAP
  • more common in kids
  • can spread contralaterally bc there is no midline boundary
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14
Q

retropharyngeal abcesses

A
  • common in <5 yrs old due to increased prevalence of middle ear infections and nasopharyngeal infections
  • **affects both true and false retropharygeal space; pocket develops and blocks airways and causes probs swallowing
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15
Q

tontillitis

A

inflammation of tonsils

  • commonly taken out if have chronic infections like strep throat or a lot of ear infections
  • commonly taken out of children, bc adults are pron to more complications due to more vasculature
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16
Q

horner’s syndrome definition?

A

results from interruption of cervical sympathetic trunk and is manifested by the absense of sympathetically stimulated functions on the ipsilateral side of the head

17
Q

horner’s syndrome symptoms?

A

-constriction of pupil (miosis)
-drooping of superior eyelid (ptosis)
-‘sunken in’ eye (enophthalmos)
redness and increased temp of skin (vasodilation)
-absence of sweating (anhydrosis)

18
Q

etiologies of horner’s syndrome include?

A

cluster migraines, trauma, cerebral vascular accident, cavernous sinus lesion, infections, aortic dissection, carotid dissection, and pancoast tumor

19
Q

CN 7 lesion

A

Bells Palsy or CN 7 palsy

  • -Presentation- dry eye/mouth, facial muscles paralysis, decreased taste, sensititve to sound
  • -mastobrious presentation for most distal part that can be affected
20
Q

CN 9 lesion

A

CN 9 palsy- rare, isolated, hard to detect

  • May have altered gag reflex possible and glossopharyngeal neuralgia is possible
  • 40-60 year old FEMAKES
  • painin ipsilateeral ear
  • bradycardia (slow heart) association

*paralysis of stylopharyngeus, unilateral denervation of posterior 1/3 tongue and unilateral decrease in parotid secretion WILL LIKELY GO UNNOTICED

21
Q

CN 10 lesion/palsy

A

hoarseness of breath is classic!
*L palsy= L side droops

possible:

  • dysphagia
  • deviation of uvula to contralateral side
  • ageusia =ALTERED TASTE
  • altered gag reflex
  • GI dysfunction
22
Q

CN 8 lesion

A

vestibulocerebellar lesions
midline cerebellar disease

results in:

  • nystagmus (can’t focus eyes)
  • truncal ataxia (can’t maintain trunk posture)
  • ataxic gait (fall a lot to lesion side)
23
Q

cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

spread of clot from an infection (septic thrombi) into cavernous sinus typically from MX teeth, MX sinus, hair follicle
**usually staph aurius

results:

  • periorbital edema (swelling)
  • ophthalmoplegia (paralysis of muscles bc 3,4 and 6 squished)
  • facial analgesia (ONLY V1 andV2)****
  • initially unilateral symptoms, usually presents bilaterally
24
Q

presbycusis

A

natural hearing loss due to age
-afftects higher pitches first
-affects men and women, men more
(CN 8)

25
Q

idiopathic

A

sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL)

  • due to viruses
  • can come back
  • TRANSIENT- comes and goes
26
Q

carotid endarterectomy

A

devel of plaque causes narrowing of passageway for blood so you remove it

  • 5-7% of these procedures have unilateral lesions to branches of CN 10
  • CN 10 most frequent bc internal jugular vein and carotid and CN 10 are together in common sheath
  • RESULTS= hoarse voice, dysphagia, stroke
27
Q

CN 11 lesion

A

1) torticollis- abnormal contraction of SCM due to issue with muscle or CN 11
- -If R is contracted the chin poins L, so R is side with issue

2) typically only affects trapezius
- check by shrugging shoulders, the side that can’t shrug is affected

28
Q

CN 12 paralysis

A
  • unilateral lesion to the hypoglossal nerve results in paralysis of the ipsilateral tongue
  • when tongue is protruded the apex deviates to the AFFECTED side (bc heathy side dominates)

Head and Neck Anatomy (46 decks)

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