Bones and Ligaments of neck Flashcards
What do spinal nerves emerge through?
intervertebral foramen
where does the spinal cord pass though?
vertebral canal in center of body
special name for C1?
atlas
special name for C2?
axis
what are the cervical vertebra?
C1-C7 (remember that there are 8 cervical nerves though)
verterbral body, transverse process and spinous processes are locatied where?
vertebral body= anterior
transverse processes= lateral
spinal processes= posteriorly
define facet joint
between articular processes
**where the inferior articular process and superior articular process of adjacent vertebra articulate
4 things that make C1 (atlas) unique?
1) has tubercles instead of a body and spinous processes
2) large articular facets to contact occipital condyles of cranium
3) transverse foramen with transverse process that allows vertebral artery to pass
4) LARGE vertebral foramen
Where does C1 have tubercles?
anterior and posterior tuberlces as well as an anterior and posterior arch
what makes C2 (axis) unique?
1) dens (odontoid process)
2) transverse foramina is a shallow devit, no longer a hole like on C1
define bifid spinous processes
- more common in white males
- UNIQUE, not typical
- means that are two points to spinous process instead of one
vertebral arch is made up of?
lamina and pedicle
define uncinate process
on either side of body, like a lip
*helps provide more stability because their bodies are so small
what is another name for C7? why?
vertebral pominens
*bc its the first one you can feel on your neck
what makes C7 (vertebral prominens) unique?
similar to thoracic vertebra
- long spinous process, nearing the giraffe shape found in thoracic vertebra
- called vertebral pominens bc its the first one you can feel on your neck
Explain the erlationship between transverse foramen and arteries on C7?
Vertebral artery does not pass through transverse process; vertebral artery skips over C7 and enters the transverse foramina at C6, and go up through C1
**emissary veins DO pass through the transverse process of C7
Why is knowing how the vertebra line up correctly matter to dentist?
important for location and angle of mandible; possible how it affects mastication and breathing
**important for orthodontics
intervertebral joint
where the intervertebral discs are
What joint is unique to cervical vertebra?
Uncovertebral joint
What is the joint between cranium and C1?
Atlanta-occipital joint =
What is the joint between C1 and C2?
Lateral atlanto-axial joint
define Uncovertebral joint
joint is unique to cervical vertebra
**Between uncinate process of the bottom vertebra and the vertebral body above that
atlanto-axial and Atlanta-occipital joint do what specifically
give stabolization to the cranium and vertebral columne
What type of joints are atlanto-axial and Atlanta-occipital joints?
Fecet joints (just like the others); we just give them fancy names
what are joint capsules? Examples?
they are facet joints but have special names because of location
1) Between cranium and C1 = atlantooccipital joint capsule
2) Between C1 and C2 = atlantoaxial joint capsule
Posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)
behind vertebral column
anterior longitudinal ligaments (ALL)
runs along anterior part of vertebral column
What is a continuation of PLL? How is it connected?
tectorial ligaments (membrane) *as the PLL passes over the dens, its becomes the tectorial ligament; it will eventually attach to the clivis
define nuchal ligament
attachment of all deep muscles & trapezius
- it is ALL of the overlying ligamentous tissue
- very broad for muscle attachment
there is no _____ ligament in cervical region?
supraspinous ligament
describe ligamentum flavum
yellow portion
- high elastic tissue content
- anterior interspinous liagament
location interspinous liagament?
between the spines of vertebra and overly ligamentum flavum (posterior)
purpose of alar ligament? location?
limit rotation of cranium on dens
- prevents over-rotation
- keeps the dens tight, stable
- starts at tip of dens and goes to sides of foramen magnum
purpose of cruciform ligament of atlas? loaction? Names of 2 parts?
stabilizes the atlanto-axial joint
keeps dens in place, allow rotation
maintain communication b/w C2 and cranium
**two parts that make a cross
1) longitudinal fascicles (up and down aka vertical)
2) transverse ligament of atlas (side to side aka horizontal)
