Root Flashcards
1
Q
adip/o
A
fat
2
Q
aden/o
A
gland
3
Q
abdomin/o
A
abdomen
4
Q
anter/o
A
front
5
Q
arthr/o
A
joint
6
Q
acr/o
A
extremities, top, extreme point
7
Q
axill/o
A
armpit
8
Q
arter/o
arteri/o
A
artery
9
Q
amni/o
A
amnion (sac surrounding the embryo in the uterus)
10
Q
acu/o
A
sharp, severe, sudden
11
Q
angi/o
A
vessel
12
Q
blephar/o
A
eyelid
13
Q
bi/o
A
life
14
Q
bol/o
A
to cast (throw)
15
Q
bronch/o
A
bronchial tubes (2 tubes, L + R, branch from trachea to enter lungs)
16
Q
chem/o
A
drug, chemical
17
Q
carcin/o
A
cancer; cancerous
18
Q
cervic/o
A
cervix, neck (of the body or of the uterus)
19
Q
chondr/o
A
cartilage (type of connective tissue)
20
Q
cardi/o
A
heart
21
Q
chrom/o
A
color
22
Q
coccyg/o
A
coccyx (tailbone)
23
Q
cephal/o
A
head
24
Q
crani/o
A
skull
25
chron/o
time
26
cerebr/o
cerebrum; largest part of the brain
27
col/o
| colon/o
colon (large intestine)
Four parts:
- ascending (cecum to undersurface of liver
- transverse (passes horizontally to the left toward spleen)
- descending
- sgmoid (leads into rectum)
28
carp/o
wrist bones
29
cis/o
to cut
30
cib/o
meals
31
cost/o
rib
32
crin/o
to secrete
33
cutane/o
skin
34
cyst/o
(urinary) bladder
35
cyt/o
cell
36
mort/o
death
37
myel/o
spinal cord, bone marrow (context of usage indicates the meaning intended)
38
lymph/o
lymph
39
lumb/o
lower back (side and back between the ribs and the pelvis)
40
log/o
study of
41
laryng/o
larynx, voice box
42
lapar/o
abdomen, abdominal wall
43
leuk/o
white
44
later/o
side
45
kary/o
| nucle/o
nucleus
46
immun/o
protection
47
isch/o
to hold back
48
pelv/i
pelvis, hip region
49
ped/o
child
50
poster/o
back, behind
51
ili/o
ilium (part of the pelvic bone)
52
iatr/o
treatment; physician
53
inguin/o
groin
54
peritone/o
peritoneum
The serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic walls (parietal peritoneum) and reflecting over the contained viscera (visceral peritoneum).
55
path/o
disease
56
phag/o
to eat, swallow
57
hist/o
tissue
58
hepat/o
liver
59
muc/o
mucus
60
morph/o
shape, form
61
my/o
| myom/o
muscle
| muscle tumor
62
mamm/o
| mast/o
breast
63
medi/o
middle
64
necr/o
death (of cells or whole body)
65
nephr/o
kidney
66
neutr/o
* neutral (neither base nor acid)
* neutrophil (a white blood cell)
- most numerous disease-fighting "soldiers"
- they are 'phagocytes'
- referred to as "polys" or "polymorphonuclear leukocytes" b/c of their multilobed nucleus
67
nat/i
birth
68
neur/o
nerve
69
nect/o
to bind, tie, connect
70
norm/o
rule, order
71
ot/o
ear
72
onc/o
tumor
73
ox/o
oxygen
74
ophthalm/o
eye
75
oste/o
bone
76
dist/o
far, distant
77
derm/o
| dermat/o
skin
78
dors/o
back portion of the body
79
dactyl/o
fingers, toes
80
duct/o
to lead, carry
81
electr/o
electricity
82
encephal/o
brain
83
enter/o
intestines, usually small intestines
| - two gastrointestinal organs in term = organ closer to mouth first
84
erythr/o
red
85
flex/o
to bend
86
furc/o
forking, branching
87
gloss/o
tongue
88
gastr/o
stomach
89
glyc/o
sugar
90
gnos/o
knowledge
91
gynec/o
woman; female
92
hem/o
| hemat/o
blood
93
hydr/o
water, fluid
94
plas/o
formation, development
95
pleur/o
pleura
| membrane surrounding lungs and adjacent to chest wall
96
pneumon/o
| pneum/o
air, lungs
97
thyr/o
thyroid gland; shield (the shape of the thyroid gland resembled [-oid] a shield to those who named it)
98
the/o
to put, place
99
top/o
place, position, location
100
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
101
thorac/o
chest
102
tonsill/o
tonsils
103
son/o
sound
104
sacr/o
sacrum
| The large triangular bone located just below the lumbar vertebrae, inserted like a wedge between the two hip bones.
105
sarc/o
flesh
106
splen/o
spleen
107
tox/o
poison
108
umbilic/o
navel, umbilicus
109
ur/o
urinary tract; urine (urea)
110
urethr/o
urethra
| one 'e' = one tube
111
ven/o
ven/i
phleb/o
vein
112
vertebr/o
vertebra(e), back bone(s)
113
ventr/o
belly side of the body
114
viscer/o
internal organs
115
proxim/o
nearest
116
psych/o
mind
117
pub/o
pubis (pubic bone); anterior portion of the pelvic or hip bone)
118
rect/o
rectum
119
radi/o
x-rays
120
thel/o
| theli/o
nipple
121
thromb/o
clot; clotting
122
spin/o
spine, back bone
123
sect/o
to cut
124
staphyl/o
clusters
125
seps/o
infection
126
strept/o
twisted chains
127
somn/o
sleep
128
ren/o
kidney
129
rhin/o
nose
130
an/o
anus
131
append/o
| appendic/o
appendix
| - hangs from the cecum
132
bucc/o
cheek
133
cec/o
cecum
- 1st part of the lg. intestine
- pouch on the right side; connects to ileum at the ileocecal valve (sphincter)
134
celi/o
belly, abdomen
135
cheil/o
lip
136
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
- sac under the liver
- stores and concentrates bile received from the liver through the hepatic duct.
137
choledoch/o
common bile duct
| A duct created by the juncture of the hepatic and cystic ducts.
138
dent/i
tooth
139
duoden/o
duodenum
| 1st part of sm. intestine
140
esophag/o
esophagus
141
faci/o
face
142
gingiv/o
gums
143
ile/o
ileum
| 3rd part of sm. intestine
144
jejun/o
jejunum
| 2nd part of sm. intestine
145
labi/o
lip
146
lingu/o
tongue
147
mandibul/o
lower jaw, mandible
148
odont/o
tooth
149
or/o
mouth
150
palat/o
palate
151
pancreat/o
pancreas
152
pharyng/o
throat, pharynx
153
proct/o
anus and rectum
154
pylor/o
```
pyloric sphincer
(between end of stomach [pylorus] and start of sm. intestine [duodenum])
```
155
sialaden/o
salivary gland
156
sigmoid/o
```
sigmoid colon
(last part of colon; leads into rectum)
```
157
uvul/o
uvula
158
stomat/o
mouth
159
amyl/o
starch
160
bil/i
gall, bile
161
bilirubin/o
bilirubin (bile pigment)
162
chol/e
gall, bile
163
chlorhydr/o
hydrochloric acid
164
gluc/o
sugar
165
glycogen/o
glycogen, animal starch
166
lip/o
fat, lipid
167
lith/o
stone
168
prote/o
protein
169
py/o
pus
170
sial/o
saliva, salivary
171
steat/o
fat
172
cholangi/o
bile vessel
| chole "bile, gall" ; angio "vessel"
173
herni/o
hernia
174
cali/o, calic/o
calyx (calix); cup-shaped
175
glomerul/o
glomerulus
176
meat/o
meatus
177
pyel/o
renal pelvis
178
trigon/o
trigone (region of the bladder)
179
ureter/o
ureter
180
vesic/o
urinary bladder
181
albumin/o
albumin (a protein in the blood)
182
azot/o
nitrogen
183
bacteri/o
bacteria
184
dips/o
thirst
185
kal/o
potassium
186
ket/o
| keton/o
ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)
187
natr/o
sodium
188
noct/o
night
189
olig/o
scanty
190
py/o
pus
191
urin/o
urine
192
andr/o
male
193
balan/o
glans penis
| Greek "balanos" means acorn
194
cry/o
cold
195
crypt/o
hidden
196
epididym/o
epididymis
197
gon/o
seed
| Greek "gone", seed
198
orch/o
orchi/o
orchid/o
testis, testicle
199
pen/o
penis
200
prostat/o
prostate gland
201
semin/i
semen, seed
202
sperm/o
| spermat/o
spermatozoa, semen
203
terat/o
monster (Greek "teras", monster)
204
test/o
testis, testicle
205
varic/o
varicose veins
206
vas/o
vessel, duct; vas deferens
| Remember, in "vasectomy" vas/o refers to the vas deference, not any other vessel or duct
207
zo/o
animal life
208
bartholin/o
Bartholin gland
209
chori/o
| chorion/o
chorion
210
cop/o
vagina
211
culd/o
cul-de-sac
212
episi/o
vulva
213
galact/o
| lact/o
milk
214
hyster/o
uterus, womb
215
men/o
menses, menstruation
216
metr/o
metri/o
uter/o
uterus
217
obstetr/o
pregnancy and childbirth
218
o/o
ov/o
ovul/o
egg
219
oophor/o
ovary
220
perine/o
perineum
221
phor/o
to bear
222
salping/o
fallopian tubes
223
vagin/o
vagina
224
vulv/o
vulva
225
ovari/o
ovary
226
cerebell/o
cerebellum
227
dur/o
dura mater
228
gli/o
glial cells
229
lept/o
thin, slender
230
mening/o
| meningi/o
membranes, meninges
231
pont/o
pons
232
radicul/o
nerve root (of spinal nerves)
233
thalam/o
thalamus
234
thec/o
sheath (refers to the meninges)
235
vag/o
vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)
236
alges/o
excessive sensitivity to pain
237
caus/o
burning
238
comat/o
deep sleep (coma)
239
esthesi/o
feeling, nervous sensation
240
kines/o, kinesi/o
movement
241
lex/o
word, phrase
242
syncop/o
to cut off, cut short
243
tax/o
order, coordination
244
aort/o
aorta
245
ather/o
yellowish plaque, fatty substance
| Greek 'athere' means porridge
246
atri/o
atrium, upper heart chamber
247
brachi/o
arm
248
cholesterol/o
cholesterol (a lipid substance)
249
coron/o
heart
250
cyan/o
blue
251
myx/o
mucus
252
pericardi/o
pericardium
253
rrhythm/o
rhythm
254
sphygm/o
pulse
255
steth/o
chest
256
valvul/o
| valv/o
valve
257
vascul/o
vessel
258
ventricul/o
ventricle, lower heart chamber
259
adenoid/o
adenoids
260
alveol/o
alveolus, air sac
261
bronch/o
| bronchi/o
bronchial tube, bronchus
262
bronchiol/o
bronchiole, small bronchus
263
capn/o
carbon dioxide
264
coni/o
dust
265
epiglott/o
epiglottis
266
lob/o
lobe of the lung
267
mediastin/o
mediastinum
268
nas/o
nose
269
orth/o
straight, upright
270
pector/o
chest
271
phon/o
voice
272
phren/o
diaphragm
273
pleur/o
pleura
274
pulmon/o
lung
275
sinus/o
sinus, cavity
276
spir/o
breating
277
tel/o
complete
278
bas/o
base (alkaline, the opposite of acid)
279
coagul/o
clotting
280
eosin/o
red, dawn, rosy
281
granul/o
granules
282
hemoglobin/o
hemoglobin
283
is/o
same, equal
284
mon/o
one, single
285
poikil/o
varied, irregular
286
sider/o
iron
287
spher/o
globe, round
