Blood System

Question 0

antibody (Ab)

Answer 0

• protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes
• response to bacteria, viruses or other antigens
• antibody specific to antigen

Question 1

albumin

Answer 1

• protein in blood

- maintains proper amount of water in blood

Question 3

antigen

Answer 3

Substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody

Question 4

basophil

Answer 4

• WBC
• contain granules that stain blue
• releases histamine (anticlotting substance) and heparin (response to allergens)
• also active in fighting parasitic infections

Question 5

bilirubin

Answer 5

• orange-yellow pigment in bile

- formed by breakdown of hemoglobin when RBC destroyed

Question 6

coagulation

Answer 6

blood clotting

Question 7

colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

Answer 7

protein; stimulates growth of WBC (granulocytes)

Question 8

differentiation

Answer 8

• change in structure and function of a cell as it matures

- specialization

Question 9

electrophoresis

Answer 9

method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge

Question 10

eosinophil

Answer 10

• WBC containing granules that stain red
• become phagocytes in allergic reactions
• respond to parasitic infections

Question 11

erythroblast

Answer 11

immature RBC

Question 12

erythrocyte

Answer 12

RBC

Question 13

erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 13

• hormone secreted by kidneys

- stimulates RBC formation

Question 14

fibrin

Answer 14

protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

Question 15

fibrinogen

Answer 15

plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

Question 16

globulin

Answer 16

• plasma protein

- ex) alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins

Question 17

granulocyte

Answer 17

WBC with numerous dark-staining granules

- eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil

Question 18

hematopoietic stem cell

Answer 18

cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells

Question 19

hemoglobin

Answer 19

• blood protein containing iron

- carries O2 in RBC

Question 20

hemolysis

Answer 20

destruction/breakdown of blood (RBC)

Question 21

heparin

Answer 21

anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

Question 22

immune reaction

Answer 22

response of immune system to foreign invasion

Question 23

immunoglobulin

Answer 23

• protein (globulin) with antibody activity

- ex) IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD

Question 24

leukocyte

Answer 24

WBC

Question 25

lymphocyte

Answer 25

mononuclear WBC that produces antibodies

Question 26

macrophage

Answer 26

- monocyte that migrates from blood to tissue spaces - phagocyte that engulfs foreign material and debris - destroy worn out RBC in liver, spleen and bone marrow

Question 27

megakaryocyte

Answer 27

large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow

Question 28

monocyte

Answer 28

- WBC with one large nucleus - engulfs foreign material and debris - become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissues

Question 29

mononuclear

Answer 29

- pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus - ex) lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 30

myeloblast

Answer 30

immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes

Question 31

neutrophil

Answer 31

- granulocytic WBC formed in marrow - don't stain intensely, show up as a pale color - phagocytic tissue-fighting cell, body's primary defense against bacterial infection - aka. polymorphonuclear leukocyte

Question 32

plasma

Answer 32

- liquid portion of blood | - contains: water, proteins, salts, nutrients, lipids, hormones, and vitamins

Question 33

plasmapheresis

Answer 33

- removal of plasma from withdrawn blood via centrifuge - collected cells retransfused back into donor - fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution used to replace withdrawn plasma

Question 34

platelet

Answer 34

small blood fragment that collects at injury sites to start clotting process

Question 35

polymorphonuclear

Answer 35

- pertaining to WBC with multi-lobed | - neutrophil

Question 36

prothrombin

Answer 36

- plasma protein | - converted to thrombin in the clotting process

Question 37

reticulocyte

Answer 37

- immature erythrocyte | - network of strands (reticulin) is seen after staining cells with special dyes

Question 38

Rh factor

Answer 38

antigen on RBCs of Rh-positive (Rh+) individuals

Question 39

serum

Answer 39

- plasma without clotting proteins and cells - clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it's allowed to clot - formed from plasma, but doesn't contain protein-coagulation factors

Question 40

stem cell

Answer 40

- unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms - *hematopoietic stem cell* is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells

Question 41

thrombin

Answer 41

enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation

Question 42

thrombocyte

Answer 42

platelet