Blood System Flashcards
antibody (Ab)
- protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes
- response to bacteria, viruses or other antigens
- antibody specific to antigen
albumin
- protein in blood
- maintains proper amount of water in blood
antigen
Substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody
basophil
- WBC
- contain granules that stain blue
- releases histamine (anticlotting substance) and heparin (response to allergens)
- also active in fighting parasitic infections
bilirubin
- orange-yellow pigment in bile
- formed by breakdown of hemoglobin when RBC destroyed
coagulation
blood clotting
colony-stimulating factor (CSF)
protein; stimulates growth of WBC (granulocytes)
differentiation
- change in structure and function of a cell as it matures
- specialization
electrophoresis
method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge
eosinophil
- WBC containing granules that stain red
- become phagocytes in allergic reactions
- respond to parasitic infections
erythroblast
immature RBC
erythrocyte
RBC
erythropoietin (EPO)
- hormone secreted by kidneys
- stimulates RBC formation
fibrin
protein that forms the basis of a blood clot
fibrinogen
plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process
globulin
- plasma protein
- ex) alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins
granulocyte
WBC with numerous dark-staining granules
- eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil
hematopoietic stem cell
cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells
hemoglobin
- blood protein containing iron
- carries O2 in RBC
hemolysis
destruction/breakdown of blood (RBC)
heparin
anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells
immune reaction
response of immune system to foreign invasion
immunoglobulin
- protein (globulin) with antibody activity
- ex) IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD
leukocyte
WBC
lymphocyte
mononuclear WBC that produces antibodies
macrophage
- monocyte that migrates from blood to tissue spaces
- phagocyte that engulfs foreign material and debris
- destroy worn out RBC in liver, spleen and bone marrow
megakaryocyte
large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow
monocyte
- WBC with one large nucleus
- engulfs foreign material and debris
- become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissues
mononuclear
- pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus
- ex) lymphocytes and monocytes
myeloblast
immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes
neutrophil
- granulocytic WBC formed in marrow
- don’t stain intensely, show up as a pale color
- phagocytic tissue-fighting cell, body’s primary defense against bacterial infection
- aka. polymorphonuclear leukocyte
plasma
- liquid portion of blood
- contains: water, proteins, salts, nutrients, lipids, hormones, and vitamins
plasmapheresis
- removal of plasma from withdrawn blood via centrifuge
- collected cells retransfused back into donor
- fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution used to replace withdrawn plasma
platelet
small blood fragment that collects at injury sites to start clotting process
polymorphonuclear
- pertaining to WBC with multi-lobed
- neutrophil
prothrombin
- plasma protein
- converted to thrombin in the clotting process
reticulocyte
- immature erythrocyte
- network of strands (reticulin) is seen after staining cells with special dyes
Rh factor
antigen on RBCs of Rh-positive (Rh+) individuals
serum
- plasma without clotting proteins and cells
- clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it’s allowed to clot
- formed from plasma, but doesn’t contain protein-coagulation factors
stem cell
- unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms
- hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells
thrombin
enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation
thrombocyte
platelet
