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Medical Terminology > Blood System > Flashcards

Blood System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

antibody (Ab)

A
  • protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes
  • response to bacteria, viruses or other antigens
  • antibody specific to antigen
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1
Q

albumin

A
  • protein in blood

- maintains proper amount of water in blood

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3
Q

antigen

A

Substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody

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4
Q

basophil

A
  • WBC
  • contain granules that stain blue
  • releases histamine (anticlotting substance) and heparin (response to allergens)
  • also active in fighting parasitic infections
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5
Q

bilirubin

A
  • orange-yellow pigment in bile

- formed by breakdown of hemoglobin when RBC destroyed

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6
Q

coagulation

A

blood clotting

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7
Q

colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

A

protein; stimulates growth of WBC (granulocytes)

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8
Q

differentiation

A
  • change in structure and function of a cell as it matures

- specialization

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9
Q

electrophoresis

A

method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge

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10
Q

eosinophil

A
  • WBC containing granules that stain red
  • become phagocytes in allergic reactions
  • respond to parasitic infections
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11
Q

erythroblast

A

immature RBC

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12
Q

erythrocyte

A

RBC

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13
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A
  • hormone secreted by kidneys

- stimulates RBC formation

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14
Q

fibrin

A

protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

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15
Q

fibrinogen

A

plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

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16
Q

globulin

A
  • plasma protein

- ex) alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins

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17
Q

granulocyte

A

WBC with numerous dark-staining granules

- eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil

18
Q

hematopoietic stem cell

A

cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells

19
Q

hemoglobin

A
  • blood protein containing iron

- carries O2 in RBC

20
Q

hemolysis

A

destruction/breakdown of blood (RBC)

21
Q

heparin

A

anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

22
Q

immune reaction

A

response of immune system to foreign invasion

23
Q

immunoglobulin

A
  • protein (globulin) with antibody activity

- ex) IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD

24
Q

leukocyte

A

WBC

25
Q

lymphocyte

A

mononuclear WBC that produces antibodies

26
Q

macrophage

A
  • monocyte that migrates from blood to tissue spaces
  • phagocyte that engulfs foreign material and debris
  • destroy worn out RBC in liver, spleen and bone marrow
27
Q

megakaryocyte

A

large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow

28
Q

monocyte

A
  • WBC with one large nucleus
  • engulfs foreign material and debris
  • become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissues
29
Q

mononuclear

A
  • pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus
  • ex) lymphocytes and monocytes
30
Q

myeloblast

A

immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes

31
Q

neutrophil

A
  • granulocytic WBC formed in marrow
  • don’t stain intensely, show up as a pale color
  • phagocytic tissue-fighting cell, body’s primary defense against bacterial infection
  • aka. polymorphonuclear leukocyte
32
Q

plasma

A
  • liquid portion of blood

- contains: water, proteins, salts, nutrients, lipids, hormones, and vitamins

33
Q

plasmapheresis

A
  • removal of plasma from withdrawn blood via centrifuge
  • collected cells retransfused back into donor
  • fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution used to replace withdrawn plasma
34
Q

platelet

A

small blood fragment that collects at injury sites to start clotting process

35
Q

polymorphonuclear

A
  • pertaining to WBC with multi-lobed

- neutrophil

36
Q

prothrombin

A
  • plasma protein

- converted to thrombin in the clotting process

37
Q

reticulocyte

A
  • immature erythrocyte

- network of strands (reticulin) is seen after staining cells with special dyes

38
Q

Rh factor

A

antigen on RBCs of Rh-positive (Rh+) individuals

39
Q

serum

A
  • plasma without clotting proteins and cells
  • clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it’s allowed to clot
  • formed from plasma, but doesn’t contain protein-coagulation factors
40
Q

stem cell

A
  • unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms
  • hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells
41
Q

thrombin

A

enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation

42
Q

thrombocyte

A

platelet

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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