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Medical Terminology > Abbreviations > Flashcards

Abbreviations Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

alk phos

A

alkaline phosphatase

- enzyme that may be elevated in patients with liver, bone, and other diseases.

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2
Q

ALT, AST

A

alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase

- enzymes measured to evaluate liver function

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3
Q

BE

A

barium enema

- used for x-ray images of the gastrointestinal series

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4
Q

BM

A

bowel movement

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5
Q

BRBPR

A

bright red blood per rectum

- hematochezia

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6
Q

CD

A

celiac disease

- Disorder of inability of intestines to absorb wheat proteins.

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7
Q

CT

A

computed tomography
- A radiographic procedure that produces computerized images representing cross-sectional slices of tissue structure; a painless, noninvasive technique that is 100 times more sensitive than conventional radiography.

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8
Q

EGD

A

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

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9
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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10
Q

EUS

A

endoscopic ultrasonography

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11
Q

FOBT

A

fecal occult blood test

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12
Q

G tube

A

gastrostomy tube; aka stomach tube, and PEG tube

- used to introduce nutrients into the stomach after insertion through the abdominal wall with laparoscopic instruments

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13
Q

GB

A

gallbladder

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14
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

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15
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

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16
Q

HBV

A

hepatitis B virus

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17
Q

IBD

A

inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis)

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18
Q

LAC

A

laparoscopic-assisted colectomy

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19
Q

LFTs

A

liver function tests

alk phos, bilirubin, AST, ALT

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20
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

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21
Q

NG tube

A

nasogastric tube

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22
Q

NPO

A

nothing by mouth

Latin “nil per os”

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23
Q

PEG tube

A

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube

feeding tube

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24
Q

PEJ tube

A

percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube

feeding tube

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25
Q

PTHC

A

percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography

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26
Q

PUD

A

peptic ulcer disease

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27
Q

TPN

A

total parenteral nutrition
- intravenous TPN solutions typically contain sugar (dextrose), proteins (amino acids), electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride), and vitamins

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28
Q

T tube

A

tube placed in the bile duct for drainage into a small pouch (bile bag) on the outside of the body

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29
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone - vasopressin

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30
Q

AKI

A

acute renal injury

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31
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen

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32
Q

CAPD

A

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

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33
Q

CKD

A

chronic kidney disease - a condition during which serum creatinine and BUN levels rise, which may result in impairment of all body systems

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34
Q

Cl-

A

chloride

- an electrolyte excreted by the kidney

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35
Q

CrCl

A

creatinine clearance

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36
Q

CRF

A

chronic renal failure

- progressive loss of kidney function

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37
Q

C & S

A

culture and sensitivity testing

- to determine antibiotic effectiveness against bacteria grown from a patient’s urine specimen

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38
Q

cysto

A

cystoscopic examination

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39
Q

eGFR

A

estimated glomerular filtration rate

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40
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

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41
Q

HCO3-

A

bicarbonate

- an electrolyte conserved by the kidney

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42
Q

HD

A

hemodialysis

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43
Q

IC

A

interstitial cystitis
- chronic inflammation of the bladder wall; not caused by bacterial infection and not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy

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44
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelogram

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45
Q

K+

A

potassium

- an electrolyte

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46
Q

KUB

A

kidney, ureter, and bladder

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47
Q

Na+

A

sodium

- an electrolyte

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48
Q

PD

A

peritoneal dialysis

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49
Q

pH

A

potential hydrogen; scale to indicate degree of acidity or alkalinty

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50
Q

PKD

A

polycystic kidney disease

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51
Q

PUL

A

percutaneous ultrasound lithotripsy

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52
Q

RP

A

retrograde pyelography

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53
Q

sp gr

A

specific gravity

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54
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

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55
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

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56
Q

VCUG

A

voiding cystourethrogram

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57
Q

BPH

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia (also called benign prostatic hypertrophy)

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58
Q

DRE

A

digital rectal examination

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59
Q

ED

A

erectile dysfunction

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60
Q

GU

A

genitourinary

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61
Q

HPV

A

human papillomavirus

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62
Q

HSV

A

herpes simplex virus

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63
Q

NSU

A

nonspecific urethritis (not due to gonorrhea or chlamydial infection)

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64
Q

PID

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

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65
Q

PIN

A

prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia; a precursor of prostate cancer

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66
Q

PSA

A

prostate-specific antigen

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67
Q

PVP

A

photoselective vaporization of the prostate; GreenLight PVP

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68
Q

RPR

A

rapid plasma reagin [test]; a test for syphilis

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69
Q

STD

A

sexually transmitted disease

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70
Q

STI

A

sexually transmitted infection

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71
Q

TRUS

A

transrectal ultrasound [examination]; test to assess the prostate and guide precise placement of a biopsy needle

72
Q

TUIP

A

transurethral incision of the prostate; successful in less enlarged prostates and less invasive than TURP

73
Q

TUMT

A

transurethral microwave thermotherapy

74
Q

TUNA

A

transurethral needle ablation; radiofrequency energy destroys prostate tissue

75
Q

TURP

A

transurethral resection of the prostate

76
Q

AD

A

Alzheimer disease

77
Q

AFP

A

alpha-fetoprotein
- elevated levels in amniotic fluid and maternal blood are associated with congenital malformations of the nervous system, such as anencephaly and spina bifida

78
Q

ALS

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, aka. Lou Gehrig disease

79
Q

AVM

A

arteriovenous malformation

- congenital tangle of arteries and veins in the cerebrum

80
Q

BBB (nervous system)

A

blood-brain barrier

81
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system

82
Q

CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid

83
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident

84
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalography

85
Q

GABA

A

gamma-aminobutyric acid (neurotransmitter)

86
Q

ICP

A

intracranial pressure

- normal pressure is 5 to 15 mm Hg

87
Q

LP

A

lumbar puncture

88
Q

MAC

A

monitored anesthetic care

89
Q

MG

A

myasthenia gravis

90
Q

MRA

A

magnetic resonance angiography

91
Q

MS

A

multiple sclerosis

92
Q

1/2P

A

hemiparesis

93
Q

PCA

A

patient-controlled analgesia

94
Q

PET

A

positron emission tomography

95
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system

96
Q

PSRS

A

proton stereotactic radiosurgery

97
Q

Sz

A

seizure

98
Q

TBI

A

traumatic brain injury

99
Q

TENS

A

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

- technique using a battery-powered device to relieve acute and chronic pain

100
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

- temporary interference with the blood supply to the brain

101
Q

tPA

A

tissue plasminogen activator

- a clot-dissolving drug used as therapy for stroke

102
Q

TLE

A

temporal lobe epilepsy

103
Q

AAA

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

104
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

105
Q

ACLS

A

advanced cardiac life support

- CPR plus drugs and defibrillation

106
Q

ACS

A

acute coronary syndrome

107
Q

ADP

A

adenosine diphosphate

- ADP blockers are used to prevent cardiovasular-related death, heart attack, and strokes and after all stent procedures

108
Q

AED

A

automatic external defibrillator

109
Q

AF, a-fib

A

atrial fibrillation

110
Q

AICD

A

automatic implantable cardioverter-debibrillator

111
Q

AMI

A

acute myocardial infarction

112
Q

ARVD

A

arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia

113
Q

AS

A

aortic stenosis

114
Q

ASD

A

atrial septal defect

115
Q

AV, A-V

A

atrioventricular

116
Q

AVR

A

aortic valve replacement

117
Q

BBB (cardiovascular system)

A

bundle branch block

118
Q

BNP

A

brain natriuretic peptide; elevated in congestive heart failure

119
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

120
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass grafting

121
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

122
Q

CCU

A

coronary care unit

123
Q

Cath

A

catheterization

124
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

125
Q

CK

A

creatine kinase

- released into the bloodstream after injury to heart or skeletal muscules

126
Q

CoA

A

coarctation of the aorta

127
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

128
Q

CRT

A

cardiac resynchronization therapy; biventricular pacing

129
Q

CTNI or cTnI

CTNT or cTnT

A

cardia troponin-I and cardiac troponin-T

- troponin is a protein released into the bloodstream after myocardial injury

130
Q

DES

A

drug-eluting stent

131
Q

DSA

A

digital subtraction angiography

132
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

133
Q

ECMO

A

extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

134
Q

ECG (or EKG)

A

electrocardiography

135
Q

ECHO

A

echocardiography

136
Q

EF

A

ejection fraction

- measure of the amount of blood that pumps out of the heart with each beat

137
Q

EPS

A

electrophysiology study
- electrode catheters are inserted into veins and threaded into the heart and electrical conduction is measured (tachycardias are provoked and analyzed)

138
Q

ETT

A

exercise tolerance test

139
Q

ETT-MIBI

A

exercise tolerance test combined with a radioactive tracer (sestamibi) scan

140
Q

EVAR

A

endovascular aneurysm repair

141
Q

HDI

A

high-density lipoprotein

- high blood levels are associated with lower incidence of coronary artery disease

142
Q

HTN

A

hypertension (high blood pressure)

143
Q

IABP

A

intra-aortic balloon pump

- used to support patients in cardiogenic shock

144
Q

ICD

A

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

145
Q

LAD

A

left anterior descending (coronary artery)

146
Q

LDL

A

low-density lipoprotein

147
Q

LMWH

A

low-molecular-weight heparin

148
Q

LV

A

left ventricle

149
Q

LVAD

A

left ventricular assist device

150
Q

LVH

A

left ventricular hypertrophy

151
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

152
Q

MUGA

A

multiple-gated acquisition scan

- radioactive test of heart function

153
Q

MVP

A

mitral valve prolapse

154
Q

NSR

A

normal sinus rhythm

155
Q

NSTEMI

A

non-ST elevation myocardial intarction

156
Q

PAC

A

premature atrial contraction

157
Q

PAD

A

peripheral arterial disease

158
Q

PCI

A

percutaneous coronary intervention

159
Q

PDA

A

patent ductus arteriosus; posterior descending artery

160
Q

PE

A

pulmonary embolus

161
Q

PVC

A

premature ventricular contraction

162
Q

SA, S-A node

A

sinoatrial node

163
Q

SCD

A

sudden cardiac death

164
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

165
Q

SPECT

A

single photon emission computed tomography

- used for myocardial imaging with sestamibi scans

166
Q

STEMI

A

ST elevation myocardial infarction

167
Q

SVT

A

supraventricular tachycardia

- rapid heartbeats arising from the atria and causing palpitations, SOB, and dizziness

168
Q

TAVR

A

transcatheter aortic valve replacement

169
Q

TEE

A

transesophageal echocardiography

170
Q

TEVAR

A

thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair

171
Q

TGA

A

transposition of the great arteries

172
Q

tPA

A

tissue-type plasminogen activator

- drug used to prevent thrombosis

173
Q

UA

A

unstable angina

- chest pain at rest or of increasing frequency

174
Q

VF

A

ventricular fibrillation

175
Q

VSD

A

ventricular septal defect

176
Q

VT

A

ventricular tachycardia

177
Q

WPW

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

- abnormal ECG pattern often associated with paroxysmal tachycardia

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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