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Medical Terminology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aorta

A

largest artery in the body

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2
Q

apex of the heart

A

lower tip of the heart

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3
Q

arteriole

A

small artery

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4
Q

atrioventricular bundle

A

aka. bundle of HIS (pronounced ‘hiss’)

specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them

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5
Q

bundle of HIS (pronounced ‘hiss’)

A

aka. atrioventricular bundle

specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them

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6
Q

sg. atrium

pl. atria

A

one of the two upper chambers of the heart

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7
Q

atrioventricular node (AV node)

A
  • specialized tissue in the wall between the atria
  • electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) through the AV node and the atrioventricular bundle toward the ventricles
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8
Q

capillary

A
  • smallest blood vessel

- materials pass to and from the bloodstream through the thin capillary walls

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9
Q

carbon dioxide (CO2)

A

gas (waste) released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation

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10
Q

coronary arteries

A

blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

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11
Q

deoxygenated blood

A

blood that is oxygen-poor

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12
Q

diastole

A

relaxation phase of the heartbeat

from Greek ‘diastole’, dilation

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13
Q

electrocardiogram

A
  • record of the electricity flowing through the heart

- represented by waves or deflections called P, QRS, or T

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14
Q

endocardium

A

inner lining of the heart

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15
Q

endothelium

A

innermost lining of blood vessels

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16
Q

mitral valve

A
  • valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle

- bicuspid valve

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17
Q

murmur

A

abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves

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18
Q

myocardium

A

muscular, middle layer of the heart

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19
Q

normal sinus rhythm

A

heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 BPM

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20
Q

oxygen

A

gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all blood cells

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21
Q

pacemaker

A

aka. sinoatrial node
- specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heart beat
- artificial cardiac pacemaker is an electronic apparatus implanted in the chest to stimulate heart muscle that is weak and not functioning

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22
Q

sinoatrial node (SA node)

A

aka. pacemaker
- pacemaker of the heart
- specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heart beat
- artificial cardiac pacemaker is an electronic apparatus implanted in the chest to stimulate heart muscle that is weak and not functioning

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23
Q

pericardium

A

double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

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24
Q

pulmonary artery

A

artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

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25
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

26
Q

pulmonary valve

A

valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

27
Q

pulmonary vein

A

one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

28
Q

pulse

A

beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries

29
Q

sg. septum

pl. septa

A
  • partition or wall dividing a cavity

- such as between the right and left atria (interatrial septum) and right and left ventricles (interventricular septum)

30
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

instrument to measure blood pressure

31
Q

systemic circulation

A

flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues

32
Q

systole

A

contraction phase of the heartbeat

from Greek ‘systole’, contraction

33
Q

tricuspid valve

A
  • located between the right atrium and the right ventricle

- it has three (tri-) leaflets, or cusps

34
Q

valve

A

structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes and opening so that blood flows in only one direction

35
Q

vein

A
  • thin-walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart
  • contain valves to prevent backflow of blood
36
Q

sg. vena cava

pl. venae cavae

A
  • largest vein(s) in the body

- superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of the heart

37
Q

ventricle

A

one of two lower chambers of the heart

38
Q

venule

A

small vein

39
Q

acute coronary syndromes (ACSs)

A
  • unstable angina and myocardial infarction (heart attack)

- consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries

40
Q

angina (pectoris)

A
  • chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia
  • stable angina occurs predictable with exertion
  • unstable angina occurs more often and with less exertion
41
Q

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor

A
  • antihypertensive drug that blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, causing blood vessels to dilate
  • prevents heart attacks, CHF, stroke, and death
42
Q

auscultation

A

listening for sounds in blood vessels or other body structure, typically using a stethoscope

43
Q

beta-blocker

A
  • drug used to treat angina, hypertension, and arrhythmias
  • blocks action of epinephrine (adrenaline) at receptor sites on cells, slowing the heartbeat and reducing the workload on the heart
44
Q

biventricular pacemaker

A

device enabling ventricles to beat together (in synchrony) so that more blood is pumped out of the heart

45
Q

bruit (BRU-e)

A

abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard during auscultation of an artery or organ

46
Q

calcium channel blocker

A

drug used to treat angina and hypertension

- dilates blood vessels by blocking the influx of calcium into muscle cells lining vessels

47
Q

cardiac arrest

A

sudden, unexpected stoppage of heart action, often leading to sudden cardiac death

48
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space

49
Q

claudication

A

pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after walking, has begun, but absence of pain at rest

50
Q

digoxin

A

drug that treats arrhythmias and strengths the heartbeat

51
Q

sg. embolus

pl. emboli

A

clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel

52
Q

infarction

A

area of dead tissue

53
Q

nitrates

A

drugs used in the treatment of angina

- dilates blood vessels, increasing blood flow and oxygen to myocardial tissue

54
Q

nitroglycerin

A

nitrate drug used in the treatment of angina

55
Q

occlusion

A

closure of a blood vessel due to blockage

56
Q

palpitations

A

uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias, such as premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)

57
Q

patent

A

open

58
Q

pericardial friction rub

A

scraping or grating noise heard on auscultation of the heart

- suggestive of pericarditis

59
Q

petechiae

A

small, pinpoint hemorrhages

60
Q

statins

A

drugs used to lower cholesterol in the blood stream

61
Q

thrill

A

vibration felt over an area of turmoil in blood flow (as a blocked artery)

62
Q

vegetations

A

clumps of platelets, clotting proteins, microorganisms, and red blood cells on diseased heart valves

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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