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Medical Terminology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

aorta

A

largest artery in the body

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2
Q

apex of the heart

A

lower tip of the heart

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3
Q

arteriole

A

small artery

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4
Q

atrioventricular bundle

A

aka. bundle of HIS (pronounced ‘hiss’)

specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them

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5
Q

bundle of HIS (pronounced ‘hiss’)

A

aka. atrioventricular bundle

specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them

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6
Q

sg. atrium

pl. atria

A

one of the two upper chambers of the heart

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7
Q

atrioventricular node (AV node)

A
  • specialized tissue in the wall between the atria
  • electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) through the AV node and the atrioventricular bundle toward the ventricles
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8
Q

capillary

A
  • smallest blood vessel

- materials pass to and from the bloodstream through the thin capillary walls

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9
Q

carbon dioxide (CO2)

A

gas (waste) released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation

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10
Q

coronary arteries

A

blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

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11
Q

deoxygenated blood

A

blood that is oxygen-poor

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12
Q

diastole

A

relaxation phase of the heartbeat

from Greek ‘diastole’, dilation

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13
Q

electrocardiogram

A
  • record of the electricity flowing through the heart

- represented by waves or deflections called P, QRS, or T

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14
Q

endocardium

A

inner lining of the heart

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15
Q

endothelium

A

innermost lining of blood vessels

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16
Q

mitral valve

A
  • valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle

- bicuspid valve

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17
Q

murmur

A

abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves

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18
Q

myocardium

A

muscular, middle layer of the heart

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19
Q

normal sinus rhythm

A

heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 BPM

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20
Q

oxygen

A

gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all blood cells

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21
Q

pacemaker

A

aka. sinoatrial node
- specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heart beat
- artificial cardiac pacemaker is an electronic apparatus implanted in the chest to stimulate heart muscle that is weak and not functioning

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22
Q

sinoatrial node (SA node)

A

aka. pacemaker
- pacemaker of the heart
- specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heart beat
- artificial cardiac pacemaker is an electronic apparatus implanted in the chest to stimulate heart muscle that is weak and not functioning

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23
Q

pericardium

A

double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

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24
Q

pulmonary artery

A

artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

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25
pulmonary circulation
flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
26
pulmonary valve
valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
27
pulmonary vein
one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
28
pulse
beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries
29
sg. septum | pl. septa
- partition or wall dividing a cavity | - such as between the right and left atria (interatrial septum) and right and left ventricles (interventricular septum)
30
sphygmomanometer
instrument to measure blood pressure
31
systemic circulation
flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues
32
systole
contraction phase of the heartbeat | from Greek 'systole', contraction
33
tricuspid valve
- located between the right atrium and the right ventricle | - it has three (tri-) leaflets, or cusps
34
valve
structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes and opening so that blood flows in only one direction
35
vein
- thin-walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart - contain valves to prevent backflow of blood
36
sg. vena cava | pl. venae cavae
- largest vein(s) in the body | - superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of the heart
37
ventricle
one of two lower chambers of the heart
38
venule
small vein
39
acute coronary syndromes (ACSs)
- unstable angina and myocardial infarction (heart attack) | - consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries
40
angina (pectoris)
- chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia - stable angina occurs predictable with exertion - unstable angina occurs more often and with less exertion
41
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
- antihypertensive drug that blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, causing blood vessels to dilate - prevents heart attacks, CHF, stroke, and death
42
auscultation
listening for sounds in blood vessels or other body structure, typically using a stethoscope
43
beta-blocker
- drug used to treat angina, hypertension, and arrhythmias - blocks action of epinephrine (adrenaline) at receptor sites on cells, slowing the heartbeat and reducing the workload on the heart
44
biventricular pacemaker
device enabling ventricles to beat together (in synchrony) so that more blood is pumped out of the heart
45
bruit (BRU-e)
abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard during auscultation of an artery or organ
46
calcium channel blocker
drug used to treat angina and hypertension | - dilates blood vessels by blocking the influx of calcium into muscle cells lining vessels
47
cardiac arrest
sudden, unexpected stoppage of heart action, often leading to sudden cardiac death
48
cardiac tamponade
pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space
49
claudication
pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after walking, has begun, but absence of pain at rest
50
digoxin
drug that treats arrhythmias and strengths the heartbeat
51
sg. embolus | pl. emboli
clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel
52
infarction
area of dead tissue
53
nitrates
drugs used in the treatment of angina | - dilates blood vessels, increasing blood flow and oxygen to myocardial tissue
54
nitroglycerin
nitrate drug used in the treatment of angina
55
occlusion
closure of a blood vessel due to blockage
56
palpitations
uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias, such as premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)
57
patent
open
58
pericardial friction rub
scraping or grating noise heard on auscultation of the heart | - suggestive of pericarditis
59
petechiae
small, pinpoint hemorrhages
60
statins
drugs used to lower cholesterol in the blood stream
61
thrill
vibration felt over an area of turmoil in blood flow (as a blocked artery)
62
vegetations
clumps of platelets, clotting proteins, microorganisms, and red blood cells on diseased heart valves

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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