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Medical Terminology > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Passage of sperm - formation to ejaculation

A

1) seminiferous tubules (testes)
2) epididymis
3) vas deferens (seminal vesicles)
4) ejaculatory duct
5) urethra (prostate gland; Bulbourethral glands)
… which passes through the …
6) penis
… sperm leaves body.

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2
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

aka. Cowper glands
- pair of exocrine glands near male urethra
- secrete fluid into urethra

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3
Q

ejaculation

A

ejection of sperm and fluid from male urethra

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4
Q

sg. epididymis

pl. epididymides

A
  • pair of long, tightly coiled tubes above each testis

- stores and carries sperm from seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens

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5
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

tube through which semen enters male urethra

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6
Q

erectile dysfunction

A

inability of an adult male to achieve an erection; impotence

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7
Q

flagellum

A

hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile (able to move)

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8
Q

fraternal twins

A

two infants resulting from fertilization of two separate ova by two separate sperm cells

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9
Q

glans penis

A
  • sensitive tip of the penis

- comparable to the clitoris in the female

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10
Q

identical twins

A
  • two infants resulting from division of one fertilized egg into two distinct embryos
  • Conjoined (“Siamese”) twins are incompletely separated identical twins
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11
Q

interstitial cells of the testes

A

aka. Leydig cells
- specialized cells that lie adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testes
- produce testosterone

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12
Q

parenchymal tissue

A
  • essential distinctive cells of and organ

- in the testis, the seminiferous tubules that produce sperm are parenchymal

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13
Q

penis

A

male external organ of reproduction

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14
Q

perineum

A

external region between the anus and the scrotum

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15
Q

prepuce

A

foreskin; fold of skin covering the tip of the penis

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16
Q

prostate gland

A
  • exocrine gland at the base of the male urinary bladder

- secretes one of the fluid parts of semen into the urethra during ejaculation

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17
Q

scrotum

A

external sac that contains the testes

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18
Q

semen

A
  • spermatozoa (sperm cells) and seminal fluid (prostatic and seminal vesicle secretions), discharged from urethra during ejaculation
  • NOTE: semen is not sperm; semen=thick whitish secretion; contains sperm
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19
Q

seminal vesicles

A

paired sac-like glands that secrete fluid (a major component of semen) into the vas deferens

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20
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes

21
Q

sg. spermatozoon

pl. spermatozoa

A

sperm cell

22
Q

sterilization

A
  • procedure that removes a person’s ability to produce or release reproductive cells
  • removal of testicles, vasectomy, and oophorectomy are sterilization procedures
  • NOTE: sterilization vs. impotence
  • sterilization=performed in men and women
  • impotence=inability for men to sustain erection, or achieve ejaculation
23
Q

stromal tissue

A

aka. stroma
- supportive, connective tissue of an organ, as distinguished from its parenchyma (perform essential functions of organs)

24
Q

sg. testis

pl. testes

A

male gonad (testicle) that produces spermatozoa and the hormone testosterone

25
Q

testosterone

A
  • hormone secreted by the interstitial tissue of the testes

- responsible for male sex characteristics

26
Q

vas deferens

A

aka. ductus deferens

- narrow tube (one on each side) carrying sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra

27
Q

carcinoma of the testes

A

aka. testicular cancer
- malignant tumor of the testicles
- tumors produce the proteins human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP); can be used as tumor markers

28
Q

cryptorchidism

cryptorchism

A

undescended testicles

- orchiopexy performed to bring testes into scrotum

29
Q

hydrocele

A

sac of clear fluid in the scrotum

30
Q

testicular torsion

A

twisting of the spermatic cord

31
Q

varicocele

A

enlarged, dilated veins near the testicle

32
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A

benign growth of cells within the prostate gland

- surgical treatment by transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) relieves obstruction, but is may recur

33
Q

carcinoma of the prostate

A

aka. prostate cancer
- malignant tumor (adenocarcinoma) of the prostate gland
- digital rectal examination (DRE) can detect tumor at later stage
- prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test for early detection

34
Q

hypospadias

A

congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip

35
Q

phimosis

A

narrowing (stricture) of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis

36
Q

chlamydial infection

A

bacterial invasion (by Chlamydia Trachomatis) of the urethra and reproductive tract

37
Q

gonorrhea

A

inflammation of the genital tract mucosa, caused by infection with gonococci (berry-shaped bacteria)

38
Q

herpes genitalis

A

infection of skin and genital mucosa, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV)

39
Q

human papillomavirus (HPV) infection

A

infection of the skin and mucous membranes in the anogenital region by the human papillomavirus

40
Q

syphilis

A
  • chronic STD caused by a spirochete (spiral-shaped bacterium)
  • “chancre” (hard ulcer or sore) usually appears on external genitalia a few weeks after bacterial infection
41
Q

PSA test

A

measurement of levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood

  • PSA produced by cells in prostate gland
  • elevated lvs of PSA associated with enlargement of prostate gland = may be sign of prostate cancer
42
Q

semen analysis

A

microscopic examination of ejaculated fluid

43
Q

castration

A

surgical excision of testicles or ovaries

44
Q

circumcision

A

surgical procedure to remove the prepuce of the penis

45
Q

digital rectal examination (DRE)

A

finger palpation through the anal canal and rectum to examine the prostate gland

46
Q

photoselective vaporization of the prostate (GreenLight PVP)

A

removal of tissue to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using a green light laser (laser TURP)

47
Q

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

A

excision of benign prostatic hyperplasia using a resectoscope through the urethra
- electrical hot loop cuts prostatic tissue

48
Q

vasectomy

A

bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens

- removes piece, and ligation (tying and binding off) performed

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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