Male Reproductive System

Question 1

Passage of sperm - formation to ejaculation

Answer 1

1) seminiferous tubules (testes)
2) epididymis
3) vas deferens (seminal vesicles)
4) ejaculatory duct
5) urethra (prostate gland; Bulbourethral glands)
… which passes through the …
6) penis
… sperm leaves body.

Question 2

bulbourethral glands

Answer 2

aka. Cowper glands
- pair of exocrine glands near male urethra
- secrete fluid into urethra

Question 3

ejaculation

Answer 3

ejection of sperm and fluid from male urethra

Question 4

sg. epididymis

pl. epididymides

Answer 4

• pair of long, tightly coiled tubes above each testis

- stores and carries sperm from seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens

Question 5

ejaculatory duct

Answer 5

tube through which semen enters male urethra

Question 6

erectile dysfunction

Answer 6

inability of an adult male to achieve an erection; impotence

Question 7

flagellum

Answer 7

hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile (able to move)

Question 8

fraternal twins

Answer 8

two infants resulting from fertilization of two separate ova by two separate sperm cells

Question 9

glans penis

Answer 9

• sensitive tip of the penis

- comparable to the clitoris in the female

Question 10

identical twins

Answer 10

• two infants resulting from division of one fertilized egg into two distinct embryos
• Conjoined (“Siamese”) twins are incompletely separated identical twins

Question 11

interstitial cells of the testes

Answer 11

aka. Leydig cells
- specialized cells that lie adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testes
- produce testosterone

Question 12

parenchymal tissue

Answer 12

• essential distinctive cells of and organ

- in the testis, the seminiferous tubules that produce sperm are parenchymal

Question 13

penis

Answer 13

male external organ of reproduction

Question 14

perineum

Answer 14

external region between the anus and the scrotum

Question 15

prepuce

Answer 15

foreskin; fold of skin covering the tip of the penis

Question 16

prostate gland

Answer 16

• exocrine gland at the base of the male urinary bladder

- secretes one of the fluid parts of semen into the urethra during ejaculation

Question 17

scrotum

Answer 17

external sac that contains the testes

Question 18

semen

Answer 18

• spermatozoa (sperm cells) and seminal fluid (prostatic and seminal vesicle secretions), discharged from urethra during ejaculation
• NOTE: semen is not sperm; semen=thick whitish secretion; contains sperm

Question 19

seminal vesicles

Answer 19

paired sac-like glands that secrete fluid (a major component of semen) into the vas deferens

Question 20

seminiferous tubules

Answer 20

narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes

Question 21

sg. spermatozoon

pl. spermatozoa

Answer 21

sperm cell

Question 22

sterilization

Answer 22

• procedure that removes a person’s ability to produce or release reproductive cells
• removal of testicles, vasectomy, and oophorectomy are sterilization procedures
• NOTE: sterilization vs. impotence
• sterilization=performed in men and women
• impotence=inability for men to sustain erection, or achieve ejaculation

Question 23

stromal tissue

Answer 23

aka. stroma
- supportive, connective tissue of an organ, as distinguished from its parenchyma (perform essential functions of organs)

Question 24

sg. testis

pl. testes

Answer 24

male gonad (testicle) that produces spermatozoa and the hormone testosterone

Question 25

testosterone

Answer 25

- hormone secreted by the interstitial tissue of the testes | - responsible for male sex characteristics

Question 26

vas deferens

Answer 26

aka. ductus deferens | - narrow tube (one on each side) carrying sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra

Question 27

carcinoma of the testes

Answer 27

aka. testicular cancer - malignant tumor of the testicles - tumors produce the proteins *human chorionic gonadotropin* (hCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP); can be used as tumor markers

Question 28

cryptorchidism | cryptorchism

Answer 28

undescended testicles | - orchiopexy performed to bring testes into scrotum

Question 29

hydrocele

Answer 29

sac of clear fluid in the scrotum

Question 30

testicular torsion

Answer 30

twisting of the spermatic cord

Question 31

varicocele

Answer 31

enlarged, dilated veins near the testicle

Question 32

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Answer 32

benign growth of cells within the prostate gland | - surgical treatment by *transurethral resection of the prostate* (TURP) relieves obstruction, but is may recur

Question 33

carcinoma of the prostate

Answer 33

aka. prostate cancer - malignant tumor (adenocarcinoma) of the prostate gland - *digital rectal examination* (DRE) can detect tumor at later stage - *prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test* for early detection

Question 34

hypospadias

Answer 34

congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip

Question 35

phimosis

Answer 35

narrowing (stricture) of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis

Question 36

chlamydial infection

Answer 36

bacterial invasion (by Chlamydia Trachomatis) of the urethra and reproductive tract

Question 37

gonorrhea

Answer 37

inflammation of the genital tract mucosa, caused by infection with gonococci (berry-shaped bacteria)

Question 38

herpes genitalis

Answer 38

infection of skin and genital mucosa, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Question 39

human papillomavirus (HPV) infection

Answer 39

infection of the skin and mucous membranes in the anogenital region by the human papillomavirus

Question 40

syphilis

Answer 40

- chronic STD caused by a spirochete (spiral-shaped bacterium) - "chancre" (hard ulcer or sore) usually appears on external genitalia a few weeks after bacterial infection

Question 41

PSA test

Answer 41

measurement of levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood - PSA produced by cells in prostate gland - elevated lvs of PSA associated with enlargement of prostate gland = may be sign of prostate cancer

Question 42

semen analysis

Answer 42

microscopic examination of ejaculated fluid

Question 43

castration

Answer 43

surgical excision of testicles or ovaries

Question 44

circumcision

Answer 44

surgical procedure to remove the prepuce of the penis

Question 45

digital rectal examination (DRE)

Answer 45

finger palpation through the anal canal and rectum to examine the prostate gland

Question 46

photoselective vaporization of the prostate (GreenLight PVP)

Answer 46

removal of tissue to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using a green light laser (laser TURP)

Question 47

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

Answer 47

excision of benign prostatic hyperplasia using a resectoscope through the urethra - electrical hot loop cuts prostatic tissue

Question 48

vasectomy

Answer 48

bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens | - removes piece, and ligation (tying and binding off) performed