Respiratory System Flashcards
adenoids
lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx
- pharyngeal tonsils
sg. alveolus
pl. alveoli
air sac in the lung
apex of the lung
tip or uppermost portion of the lung
- apex = tip of a structure
- apical = pertaining to, or located at the apex
base of the lung
lower portion of the lung
- basilar = located at, or in the base
bronchioles
- smallest branches of the bronchi
- terminal bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts
carbon dioxide (CO2)
- gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine
- exhaled through the lungs
cilia
- thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract
- clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung
- cigarette smoke impairs the function of cilia
diaphragm
- muscle separating the chest and abdomen
- contracts to pull air into lungs (diagram lowers)
- relaxes to push air out (diagram rises)
epiglottis
- lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx
- prevents food from entering larynx and trachea during swollowing
expiration
breathing out (exhalation)
glottis
slit-like opening to the larynx
hilum of the lung
midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs
- hilar = pertaining to (at) the hilum
inspiration
breathing in (inhalation)
larynx
- voice box
- contains vocal cords
lobe
division of a lung
- right = 3 lobes; left = 2 lobes
mediastinum
region between the lungs in the chest cavity
- contains the trachea, heart, lymph nodes, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes
nares
opening through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities
oxygen (O2)
- gas that makes up 21% of the air
- passes into bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells
palatine tonsil
one of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx
- palatine = pertaining to the roof of the mouth
paranasal sinus
one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose
parietal pleura
outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall
pharynx
- throat
- including nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
pleura
double-layered membrane surrounding each lung
pleural cavity
space between the folds of the pleura
pulmonary parenchyma
essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration
- bronchioles and alveoli
respiration
process of moving air into and out of the lungs (breathing)
trachea
windpipe
visceral pleura
inner layer of pleura lying closer to th
ng tissue
anthracosis
coal dust accumulates in the lungs
asbestosis
asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs
sg. bacillus
pl. bacilli
- rod-shaped bacteria
- cause of TB
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs
- caused by smoking, air pollution, chronic infection, and asthma
- chronic bronchitis COPD = “blue bloaters”
- emphysema = “pink puffers”, short of breath, but near-normal blood O2 levels and no skin color change
cor pulmonale
- failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of an underlying lung disease
exudates
fluid, cells, and other substances (pus) that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or areas of inflammation
hydrothorax
collection of fluid in the pleural cavity
infiltrate
collection of fluid or other material within the lung, as seen on chest film, CT scan or other radiologic image
palliative
relieving symptoms, but not curing
paroxysmal
pertaining to a sudden occurrence, such as a spasm or seizure
(oxysm/o = “sudden”)
pulmonary infarction
area of necrosis (death of lung tissue)
purulent
containing pus
silicosis
disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs
occurs in mining occupations
