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Medical Terminology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

adenoids

A

lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

- pharyngeal tonsils

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2
Q

sg. alveolus

pl. alveoli

A

air sac in the lung

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3
Q

apex of the lung

A

tip or uppermost portion of the lung

  • apex = tip of a structure
  • apical = pertaining to, or located at the apex
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4
Q

base of the lung

A

lower portion of the lung

- basilar = located at, or in the base

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5
Q

bronchioles

A
  • smallest branches of the bronchi

- terminal bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts

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6
Q

carbon dioxide (CO2)

A
  • gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine
  • exhaled through the lungs
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7
Q

cilia

A
  • thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract
  • clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung
  • cigarette smoke impairs the function of cilia
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8
Q

diaphragm

A
  • muscle separating the chest and abdomen
  • contracts to pull air into lungs (diagram lowers)
  • relaxes to push air out (diagram rises)
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9
Q

epiglottis

A
  • lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx

- prevents food from entering larynx and trachea during swollowing

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10
Q

expiration

A

breathing out (exhalation)

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11
Q

glottis

A

slit-like opening to the larynx

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12
Q

hilum of the lung

A

midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs
- hilar = pertaining to (at) the hilum

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13
Q

inspiration

A

breathing in (inhalation)

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14
Q

larynx

A
  • voice box

- contains vocal cords

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15
Q

lobe

A

division of a lung

- right = 3 lobes; left = 2 lobes

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16
Q

mediastinum

A

region between the lungs in the chest cavity

- contains the trachea, heart, lymph nodes, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes

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17
Q

nares

A

opening through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities

18
Q

oxygen (O2)

A
  • gas that makes up 21% of the air

- passes into bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells

19
Q

palatine tonsil

A

one of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx
- palatine = pertaining to the roof of the mouth

20
Q

paranasal sinus

A

one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose

21
Q

parietal pleura

A

outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall

22
Q

pharynx

A
  • throat

- including nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

23
Q

pleura

A

double-layered membrane surrounding each lung

24
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between the folds of the pleura

25
Q

pulmonary parenchyma

A

essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration

- bronchioles and alveoli

26
Q

respiration

A

process of moving air into and out of the lungs (breathing)

27
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

28
Q

visceral pleura

A

inner layer of pleura lying closer to th

ng tissue

29
Q

anthracosis

A

coal dust accumulates in the lungs

30
Q

asbestosis

A

asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs

31
Q

sg. bacillus

pl. bacilli

A
  • rod-shaped bacteria

- cause of TB

32
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A
  • chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs
  • caused by smoking, air pollution, chronic infection, and asthma
  • chronic bronchitis COPD = “blue bloaters”
  • emphysema = “pink puffers”, short of breath, but near-normal blood O2 levels and no skin color change
33
Q

cor pulmonale

A
  • failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of an underlying lung disease
34
Q

exudates

A

fluid, cells, and other substances (pus) that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or areas of inflammation

35
Q

hydrothorax

A

collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

36
Q

infiltrate

A

collection of fluid or other material within the lung, as seen on chest film, CT scan or other radiologic image

37
Q

palliative

A

relieving symptoms, but not curing

38
Q

paroxysmal

A

pertaining to a sudden occurrence, such as a spasm or seizure
(oxysm/o = “sudden”)

39
Q

pulmonary infarction

A

area of necrosis (death of lung tissue)

40
Q

purulent

A

containing pus

41
Q

silicosis

A

disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs

occurs in mining occupations

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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