Respiratory System

Question 1

adenoids

Answer 1

lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

- pharyngeal tonsils

Question 2

sg. alveolus

pl. alveoli

Answer 2

air sac in the lung

Question 3

apex of the lung

Answer 3

tip or uppermost portion of the lung

• apex = tip of a structure
• apical = pertaining to, or located at the apex

Question 4

base of the lung

Answer 4

lower portion of the lung

- basilar = located at, or in the base

Question 5

bronchioles

Answer 5

• smallest branches of the bronchi

- terminal bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts

Question 6

carbon dioxide (CO2)

Answer 6

• gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine
• exhaled through the lungs

Question 7

cilia

Answer 7

• thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract
• clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung
• cigarette smoke impairs the function of cilia

Question 8

diaphragm

Answer 8

• muscle separating the chest and abdomen
• contracts to pull air into lungs (diagram lowers)
• relaxes to push air out (diagram rises)

Question 9

epiglottis

Answer 9

• lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx

- prevents food from entering larynx and trachea during swollowing

Question 10

expiration

Answer 10

breathing out (exhalation)

Question 11

glottis

Answer 11

slit-like opening to the larynx

Question 12

hilum of the lung

Answer 12

midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs
- hilar = pertaining to (at) the hilum

Question 13

inspiration

Answer 13

breathing in (inhalation)

Question 14

larynx

Answer 14

• voice box

- contains vocal cords

Question 15

lobe

Answer 15

division of a lung

- right = 3 lobes; left = 2 lobes

Question 16

mediastinum

Answer 16

region between the lungs in the chest cavity

- contains the trachea, heart, lymph nodes, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes

Question 17

nares

Answer 17

opening through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities

Question 18

oxygen (O2)

Answer 18

• gas that makes up 21% of the air

- passes into bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells

Question 19

palatine tonsil

Answer 19

one of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx
- palatine = pertaining to the roof of the mouth

Question 20

paranasal sinus

Answer 20

one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose

Question 21

parietal pleura

Answer 21

outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall

Question 22

pharynx

Answer 22

• throat

- including nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Question 23

pleura

Answer 23

double-layered membrane surrounding each lung

Question 24

pleural cavity

Answer 24

space between the folds of the pleura

Question 25

pulmonary parenchyma

Answer 25

essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration | - bronchioles and alveoli

Question 26

respiration

Answer 26

process of moving air into and out of the lungs (breathing)

Question 27

trachea

Answer 27

windpipe

Question 28

visceral pleura

Answer 28

inner layer of pleura lying closer to th | ng tissue

Question 29

anthracosis

Answer 29

coal dust accumulates in the lungs

Question 30

asbestosis

Answer 30

asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs

Question 31

sg. bacillus | pl. bacilli

Answer 31

- rod-shaped bacteria | - cause of TB

Question 32

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer 32

- chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs - caused by smoking, air pollution, chronic infection, and asthma - chronic bronchitis COPD = "blue bloaters" - emphysema = "pink puffers", short of breath, but near-normal blood O2 levels and no skin color change

Question 33

cor pulmonale

Answer 33

- failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of an underlying lung disease

Question 34

exudates

Answer 34

fluid, cells, and other substances (pus) that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or areas of inflammation

Question 35

hydrothorax

Answer 35

collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

Question 36

infiltrate

Answer 36

collection of fluid or other material within the lung, as seen on chest film, CT scan or other radiologic image

Question 37

palliative

Answer 37

relieving symptoms, but not curing

Question 38

paroxysmal

Answer 38

pertaining to a sudden occurrence, such as a spasm or seizure (oxysm/o = "sudden")

Question 39

pulmonary infarction

Answer 39

area of necrosis (death of lung tissue)

Question 40

purulent

Answer 40

containing pus

Question 41

silicosis

Answer 41

disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs | occurs in mining occupations