Roman Temples (Fortuna Virilis & The Pantheon) Flashcards
What was the most important part of a Roman sanctuary?
The altar
What were Roman temples placed on?
a podium
Which way did all roman temples face?
East
Where could you enter a roman temple from?
the Front only
Why were temples built facing the east?
so light would shine on the cult statue in the morning
What type of Columns did roman temples have?
semi-engaged columns
what was the main room in a roman temple called and what was in it?
Cella and it contained the cult statue
What was the function of a roman temple?
to house the gods
TRUE OR FALSE:
roman temples were dedicated to one God
False
they were often dedicated to multiple gods at a time
Where is the temple of Portunus located?
in the Forum Bourium
What did having a river near a temple bring ?
prosperity
Which river is located next to the temple of Portunus?
the river tiber
What was the area of Forum Bourium known for?
a cattle market between the Palatine and Aventine hills
Who was the temple of Portunus first dedicated to?
Fortuna Virilis
What does Fortuna Virilis mean?
many fortune
Who is the temple of Portunus now associated with?
Portunus
Who is Portunus?
the god of harbours
During what period was the temple of Portunus built?
during the Roman Republic
When was the temple of Portunus constructed between?
120BC and 80BC
What order temple is the temple of Portunus?
an ionic order temple
What type of columns did the temple of Portunus have?
free standing and semi-engaged columns
What type of architecture was the temple of Portunus heavily influenced by?
Greek and Etruscan architecture
What are the Etruscan elements of the temple of Portunus
-the podium the temple stands on
-the steps which lead up to the temple
What are the Greek elements to the temple of Portunus?
free standing columns and the porch
What was the temple of Portunus made out of?
Tufa and Limestone covered with the plaster to give a marble effect
Why was the Pantheon built?
to celebrate Augustus winning the battle of Actium
Who was the Pantheon commissioned by?
Augustus
Who built the Pantheon?
Marcus Agrippa
When was the pantheon built?
between 27 and 25 BC
When did the pantheon burn down?
80AD
who rebuilt the pantheon?
Hadrian
Who was the pantheon dedicated to?
multiple different gods
What was the pantheon made out of?
marble, brick and concrete
what order style is the Pantheon?
Corinthian order temple
How did the front of the Pantheon look?
free standing and semi-engaged columns along with a pediment
What made the Pantheon unique?
-dome roof
-oculus in the roof
-rotunda at the back
What is a rotunda?
a round room with a domed roof
what is an oculus?
an opening in the centre of the dome
What was the purpose of the Oculus?
made sure temple was not polluted and allowed light into the temple
Where was the pantheon located?
on the Compus Martius
What was the Compus Martius?
the field of mars
What happened on
the Compus Martius?
army met up and where elections took place
