Roman Temples (Fortuna Virilis & The Pantheon) Flashcards

1
Q

What was the most important part of a Roman sanctuary?

A

The altar

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2
Q

What were Roman temples placed on?

A

a podium

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3
Q

Which way did all roman temples face?

A

East

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4
Q

Where could you enter a roman temple from?

A

the Front only

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5
Q

Why were temples built facing the east?

A

so light would shine on the cult statue in the morning

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6
Q

What type of Columns did roman temples have?

A

semi-engaged columns

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7
Q

what was the main room in a roman temple called and what was in it?

A

Cella and it contained the cult statue

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8
Q

What was the function of a roman temple?

A

to house the gods

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
roman temples were dedicated to one God

A

False
they were often dedicated to multiple gods at a time

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10
Q

Where is the temple of Portunus located?

A

in the Forum Bourium

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11
Q

What did having a river near a temple bring ?

A

prosperity

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12
Q

Which river is located next to the temple of Portunus?

A

the river tiber

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13
Q

What was the area of Forum Bourium known for?

A

a cattle market between the Palatine and Aventine hills

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14
Q

Who was the temple of Portunus first dedicated to?

A

Fortuna Virilis

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15
Q

What does Fortuna Virilis mean?

A

many fortune

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16
Q

Who is the temple of Portunus now associated with?

A

Portunus

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17
Q

Who is Portunus?

A

the god of harbours

18
Q

During what period was the temple of Portunus built?

A

during the Roman Republic

18
Q

When was the temple of Portunus constructed between?

A

120BC and 80BC

19
Q

What order temple is the temple of Portunus?

A

an ionic order temple

20
Q

What type of columns did the temple of Portunus have?

A

free standing and semi-engaged columns

21
Q

What type of architecture was the temple of Portunus heavily influenced by?

A

Greek and Etruscan architecture

22
Q

What are the Etruscan elements of the temple of Portunus

A

-the podium the temple stands on
-the steps which lead up to the temple

23
Q

What are the Greek elements to the temple of Portunus?

A

free standing columns and the porch

24
What was the temple of Portunus made out of?
Tufa and Limestone covered with the plaster to give a marble effect
25
Why was the Pantheon built?
to celebrate Augustus winning the battle of Actium
26
Who was the Pantheon commissioned by?
Augustus
27
Who built the Pantheon?
Marcus Agrippa
28
When was the pantheon built?
between 27 and 25 BC
29
When did the pantheon burn down?
80AD
30
who rebuilt the pantheon?
Hadrian
31
Who was the pantheon dedicated to?
multiple different gods
32
What was the pantheon made out of?
marble, brick and concrete
33
what order style is the Pantheon?
Corinthian order temple
34
How did the front of the Pantheon look?
free standing and semi-engaged columns along with a pediment
35
What made the Pantheon unique?
-dome roof -oculus in the roof -rotunda at the back
36
What is a rotunda?
a round room with a domed roof
37
what is an oculus?
an opening in the centre of the dome
38
What was the purpose of the Oculus?
made sure temple was not polluted and allowed light into the temple
39
Where was the pantheon located?
on the Compus Martius
40
What was the Compus Martius?
the field of mars
41
What happened on the Compus Martius?
army met up and where elections took place