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OCR GCSE Classical Civilisation Myth and Religion > Greek Temples ( Parthenon & Temple of Zeus) > Flashcards

Greek Temples ( Parthenon & Temple of Zeus) Flashcards

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1
Q

Where did people in the classical world believe the gods lived?

A

in the temples

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2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Everyone was allowed inside of the temples.

A

FALSE
very little people we allowed inside of the temple

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3
Q

What was the purpose of a Greek Temple?

A

a home for the gods on earth, where they could be worshipped and people could give sacrifices

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4
Q

What was each temple dedicated to?

A

a god or goddess

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5
Q

What would the temple house?

A

the cult the statue of the the god the temple was dedicated to

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6
Q

What is a sanctuary?

A

-they were the holiest part of a city.
-they were separated from the rest of the city

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7
Q

What was contained inside of the sanctuary?

A

-temples and altars to many different gods and goddesses

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8
Q

What did most sanctuaries have a source of and why?

A

freshwater, so people could wash their hands and feet upon arrival

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9
Q

Why was cleanliness so important on the sancturaries?

A

so that the holy area was not polluted

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10
Q

What was pollution?

A

when someone did something that made them impure in the eyes of the gods

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11
Q

Give 3 examples of things which made a person polluted on a sanctuary?

A

-coming in contact with a dead body
-committing Homicide
- coming in contact with a new born

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12
Q

How long would Pollution on a person last?

A

could last a few days or could be removed immediately by washing

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13
Q

What were altars for?

A

Religious ceremonies: sacrifices and offerings

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14
Q

What was the most communal part of the gods’s worship?

A

sacrifices

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15
Q

What is a Colonnade?

A

a row of evenly spaced columns supporting a roof

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16
Q

What is a foundation plinth?

A

where the temple is built on

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17
Q

What is the Cella?

A

Where the cult statue was kept

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18
Q

What is another name for the Cella?

A

naos

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19
Q

What direction would all Greek temples face?

A

east

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19
Q

Where was the polis’ treasury held in a temple?

A

the Opisthodomos

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20
Q

What order temple is the oldest?

A

Doric

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21
Q

What is a capital on a temple column?

A

the very top of a column

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22
Q

What is a flute on a temple column?

A

the line which runs down a column

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23
Q

describe a Doric column

A

-no base on the column
- a small amount of flutes
- undecorated capital

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24
Q

describe the roof of a Doric temple

A

-there is a pediment
-there are metopes
-there are triglyphs between metopes

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25
Q

What is the second oldest style of temple?

A

ionic temple

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26
Q

describe an ionic column?

A

-capital decorated a volute (scroll)
-thinner column
-lots of flutes
-has a base

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27
Q

describe an ionic roof

A

-pediment
-frieze

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28
Q

what is the youngest style of temple?

A

Corinthian style

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29
Q

describe a Corinthian column

A

-decorated capital
- very thin column
- has a base
-lots of flutes

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30
Q

describe a Corinthian roof

A

-no pediment
-frieze

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31
Q

when was Athens sacked by the Persians?

A

480BC

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32
Q

what was the Delian league?

A

an alliance with other Greek cities to protect themselves against future attacks

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33
Q

Which Greek city led the Delian league?

A

Athens

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34
Q

What did the members of the Delian league need to provide?

A

ships or money

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35
Q

Where was the money of the delian league kept at first?

A

on the neutral island of Delos

36
Q

Who moved the Delian treasury to athens?

A

Greek politician Pericles

37
Q

What was the money of the Delian league used for in Athens?

A

funding a massive building programme to decorate Athens and help rebuild after the Persian war

38
Q

Where was most of the money from the Delian league used in Athens ?

A

the Acropolis

39
Q

Which god was the Acropolis dedicated to?

A

Athena

40
Q

What was the largest building on the Acropolis?

A

the Parthenon

41
Q

Where in Athens was the Delian Leagues money held?

A

The opisthodomos of the Parthenon

42
Q

What was the Parthenon dedicated to?

A

Athena Parthenos

43
Q

What does Athena Parthenos mean?

A

Athena the Virgin

44
Q

what does Athena Nike mean

A

athena victory

45
Q

what does Athena Promachos

A

war like

46
Q

what does Athena Polias mean

A

Athena of the city

47
Q

how many columns long was the Parthenon?

A

17

48
Q

how many columns wide was the Parthenon?

A

8

49
Q

What was the Propylaea on the acropolis?

A

the entrance gate to the acropolis

50
Q

What was the Erechtheum and what did it replace?

A

a temple which replaced the old temple ‘athena Polias’

51
Q

who was the west room of the Erechtheum dedicated to?

A

dedicated to Poseidon and Erechteus

52
Q

Who was Erechteus?

A

the founding father of Athens

53
Q

What was in the east room of the Erechtheum?

A

a statue of Athena

54
Q

Why was a room dedicated to Poseidon on the Acropolis?

A

to worship Poseidon so he does not get angry

55
Q

What was the parthenon made of?

A

marble

56
Q

Why was the Parthenon built

A

to celebrate the victory over the persians

57
Q

Who was the main sculptor of the Parthenon?

A

Phidias

58
Q

What order temple was the Parthenon

A

doric temple with an ionic frieze

59
Q

Where was the ionic frieze on the Parthenon

A

on the inner colonade

60
Q

How tall was the Parthenon?

A

13m

61
Q

How long was the Parthenon

A

70m

62
Q

How wide was the Parthenon in metres

A

31m

63
Q

What was unique about the cult statue in the Parthenon?

A

it was the biggest cult statue of Athena is Greece

64
Q

What was the cult statue of Athena is the Parthenon made out of?

A

chryselephantine

65
Q

What is chryselephantine?

A

gold and ivory

66
Q

4 reasons as to why the Parthenon is impressive.

A

any 4 of:
- large temple
-help biggest cult statue of Athena
-Doric temple with ionic frieze (unique)
-made of marble which is expensive
-has an extra colonnade
- detailed structed with limited technology
-its opisthodomos held the money of the Delian league

67
Q

what did the east pediment on the Parthenon depict

A

the birth of Athena

68
Q

what did the west pediment on the Parthenon depict

A

the contest between Poseidon and Athena

69
Q

What did the metopes on the Parthenon depict

A

Centaurs vs Lapiths - Centauromachy

70
Q

What did the frieze on the Parthenon depict

A

The Panathenaic festival

71
Q

What sanctuary was the temple of Zeus Situated on?

A

Attis in Olympia

72
Q

When did construction of the temple of Zeus begin?

A

472BC

73
Q

What was altar of Zeus made of ?

A

ashes of sacrificed victims

74
Q

Who was allowed to make sacrifices at the altar of Zeus?

A

only men

75
Q

How high was the altar of Zeus

A

7 metres high

76
Q

What was the eastern pediment of the temple of Zeus depicted with?

A

The myth of Pelops and Oenomaus

77
Q

Who is stood in the middle of the eastern pediment of the temple of Zeus and what does this mean?

A

Zeus - shows him acting as a god of justice and a judge

78
Q

Who was the wife of Oenomaus?

A

Sterope

79
Q

What does the western pediment on the temple of Zeus depict?

A

The centauromachy

80
Q

How many columns wide was the Temple of Zeus?

A

6 columns

81
Q

How many columns long was the Temple of Zeus?

A

13 colums

82
Q

What was the cult statue of Zeus made out of ?

A

Chryselephantine

83
Q

Who sculpted the cult statue of Zeus?

A

Phidias

84
Q

What did the metopes at the temple of Zeus depict?

A

The 12 labours of Heracles

85
Q

How tall was the cult statue of Zeus?

A

12.4m

86
Q

What was the temple of Zeus made of?

A

Limestone covered with Stucco

87
Q

What were the dimensions of the Temple of Zeus

A

72m in length
30m in width
21m in height

OCR GCSE Classical Civilisation Myth and Religion (20 decks)

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