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OCR GCSE Classical Civilisation Myth and Religion > Greek Temples ( Parthenon & Temple of Zeus) > Flashcards

Greek Temples ( Parthenon & Temple of Zeus) Flashcards

1
Q

Where did people in the classical world believe the gods lived on earth?

A

in the temples

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2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Everyone was allowed inside of the temples.

A

FALSE
very little people we allowed inside of the temple

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3
Q

What was the purpose of a Greek Temple?

A

a home for the gods on earth, where they could be worshipped and people could give sacrifices

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4
Q

What was each temple dedicated to?

A

a god or goddess

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5
Q

What would the temple house?

A

the cult the statue of the the god the temple was dedicated to

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6
Q

What is a sanctuary?

A

-they were the holiest part of a city.
-they were separated from the rest of the city

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7
Q

What was contained inside of the sanctuary?

A

-temples and altars to many different gods and goddesses

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8
Q

What did most sanctuaries have a source of and why?

A

freshwater, so people could wash their hands and feet upon arrival

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9
Q

Why was cleanliness so important on the sancturaries?

A

so that the holy area was not polluted

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10
Q

What was pollution?

A

when someone did something that made them impure in the eyes of the gods

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11
Q

Give 3 examples of things which made a person polluted on a sanctuary?

A

-coming in contact with a dead body
-committing Homicide
- coming in contact with a new born

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12
Q

How long would Pollution on a person last?

A

could last a few days or could be removed immediately by washing

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13
Q

What were altars for?

A

Religious ceremonies: sacrifices and offerings

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14
Q

What was the most communal part of the gods’s worship?

A

sacrifices

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15
Q

What is a Colonnade?

A

a row of evenly spaced columns supporting a roof

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16
Q

What is a foundation plinth?

A

where the temple is built on

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17
Q

What is the Cella?

A

Where the cult statue was kept

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18
Q

What is another name for the Cella?

A

naos

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19
Q

What direction would all Greek temples face?

A

east

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19
Q

Where was the polis’ treasury held in a temple?

A

the Opisthodomos

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20
Q

What order temple is the oldest?

A

Doric

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21
Q

What is a capital on a temple column?

A

the very top of a column

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22
Q

What is a flute on a temple column?

A

the line which runs down a column

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23
Q

describe a Doric column

A

-no base on the column
- a small amount of flutes
- undecorated capital

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24
describe the roof of a Doric temple
-there is a pediment -there are metopes -there are triglyphs between metopes
25
What is the second oldest style of temple?
ionic temple
26
describe an ionic column?
-capital decorated a volute (scroll) -thinner column -lots of flutes -has a base
27
describe an ionic roof
-pediment -frieze
28
what is the youngest style of temple?
Corinthian style
29
describe a Corinthian column
-decorated capital - very thin column - has a base -lots of flutes
30
describe a Corinthian roof
-no pediment -frieze
31
when was Athens sacked by the Persians?
480BC
32
what was the Delian league?
an alliance with other Greek cities to protect themselves against future attacks
33
Which Greek city led the Delian league?
Athens
34
What did the members of the Delian league need to provide?
ships or money
35
Where was the money of the delian league kept at first?
on the neutral island of Delos
36
Who moved the Delian treasury to athens?
Greek politician Pericles
37
What was the money of the Delian league used for in Athens?
funding a massive building programme to decorate Athens and help rebuild after the Persian war
38
Where was most of the money from the Delian league used in Athens ?
the Acropolis
39
Which god was the Acropolis dedicated to?
Athena
40
What was the largest building on the Acropolis?
the Parthenon
41
Where in Athens was the Delian Leagues money held?
The opisthodomos of the Parthenon
42
What was the Parthenon dedicated to?
Athena Parthenos
43
What does Athena Parthenos mean?
Athena the Virgin
44
what does Athena Nike mean
athena victory
45
what does Athena Promachos
war like
46
what does Athena Polias mean
Athena of the city
47
how many columns long was the Parthenon?
17
48
how many columns wide was the Parthenon?
8
49
What was the Propylaea on the acropolis?
the entrance gate to the acropolis
50
What was the Erechtheum and what did it replace? (Extra info)
a temple which replaced the old temple 'athena Polias'
51
who was the west room of the Erechtheum dedicated to? (Extra info)
dedicated to Poseidon and Erechteus
52
Who was Erechteus? (Extra info)
the founding father of Athens
53
What was in the east room of the Erechtheum? (Extra info)
a statue of Athena
54
Why was a room dedicated to Poseidon on the Acropolis?
to worship Poseidon so he does not get angry
55
What was the parthenon made of?
marble
56
Why was the Parthenon built
to celebrate the victory over the persians
57
Who was the main sculptor of the Parthenon?
Phidias
58
What order temple was the Parthenon
doric temple with an ionic frieze
59
Where was the ionic frieze on the Parthenon
on the inner colonade
60
How tall was the Parthenon? (Extra info)
13m
61
How long was the Parthenon (Extra info)
70m
62
How wide was the Parthenon in metres (Extra info)
31m
63
What was unique about the cult statue in the Parthenon?
it was the biggest cult statue of Athena is Greece
64
What was the cult statue of Athena is the Parthenon made out of?
chryselephantine
65
What is chryselephantine?
gold and ivory
66
4 reasons as to why the Parthenon is impressive.
any 4 of: - large temple -help biggest cult statue of Athena -Doric temple with ionic frieze (unique) -made of marble which is expensive -has an extra colonnade - detailed structed with limited technology -its opisthodomos held the money of the Delian league
67
what did the east pediment on the Parthenon depict
the birth of Athena
68
what did the west pediment on the Parthenon depict
the contest between Poseidon and Athena
69
What did the metopes on the Parthenon depict
Centaurs vs Lapiths - Centauromachy
70
What did the frieze on the Parthenon depict
The Panathenaic festival
71
What sanctuary was the temple of Zeus Situated on?
Attis in Olympia
72
When did construction of the temple of Zeus begin?
472BC
73
What was altar of Zeus made of ?
ashes of sacrificed victims
74
Who was allowed to make sacrifices at the altar of Zeus?
only men
75
How high was the altar of Zeus
7 metres high
76
What was the eastern pediment of the temple of Zeus depicted with?
The myth of Pelops and Oenomaus
77
Who is stood in the middle of the eastern pediment of the temple of Zeus and what does this mean?
Zeus - shows him acting as a god of justice and a judge
78
Who was the wife of Oenomaus? (Extra info)
Sterope
79
What does the western pediment on the temple of Zeus depict?
The centauromachy
80
How many columns wide was the Temple of Zeus?
6 columns
81
How many columns long was the Temple of Zeus?
13 colums
82
What was the cult statue of Zeus made out of ?
Chryselephantine
83
Who sculpted the cult statue of Zeus?
Phidias
84
What did the metopes at the temple of Zeus depict?
The 12 labours of Heracles
85
How tall was the cult statue of Zeus? (Extra info)
12.4m
86
What was the temple of Zeus made of?
Limestone covered with Stucco
87
What were the dimensions of the Temple of Zeus (Extra info)
72m in length 30m in width 21m in height

OCR GCSE Classical Civilisation Myth and Religion (21 decks)

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