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OCR GCSE Classical Civilisation Myth and Religion > Heracles and the 12 labours (Greek) > Flashcards

Heracles and the 12 labours (Greek) Flashcards

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1
Q

Who sent Heracles on the 12 labours?

A

King Eurystheus

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2
Q

How many labours were there originally?

A

10

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3
Q

Why did Heracles complete 12 labours in total?

A

because 2 of the original 10 were disqualified meaning he had to complete 2 extra labours

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4
Q

What the first Labour?

A

The Nemean Lion

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5
Q

Who was involved in the Nemean Lion labour?

A

Heracles and Athena

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6
Q

What was Heracles required to do in his first labour?

A

kill the Nemean lion

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7
Q

What was Heracles’ first action towards the Lion?

A

used bows and arrows to attack it

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8
Q

What did Heracles realise about the Nemean lion’s skin?

A

That it was impossible to penetrate its skin with weapons

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9
Q

How did Heracles kill the Nemean lion?

A

By strangling it

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10
Q

What was the problem Heracles faced after killing the lion?

A

He needed to skin it too show King Eurystheus evidence, but his knife was not able to cut through the skin of the lion.

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11
Q

What advice did Athena Give Heracles when he was struggling to skin the Nemean Lion?

A

She told him to use the claws of the lion to skin it.

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12
Q

What pieces of Heracles’ iconography comes from the labour of the Nemean Lion?

A

-the lion skin as a cloak
-lion’s head as a helmet

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13
Q

What number labour was the Lernaean Hydra?

A

second labour

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14
Q

Which people were involved in Heracles’ second labour?

A

Iolaus
Hera
Heracles

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15
Q

What was the Lernaean Hydra?

A

A creature with many heads and venom as blood

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16
Q

What was the problem when Heracles cut the Hydra?

A

2 more of the hydra’s heads would grow

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17
Q

Who did Heracles get help from?

A

Iolaus

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18
Q

What did Iolaus do?

A

he would seal the neck with a flaming torch after Heracles cut off a head

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19
Q

How did Heracles defeating the Learnean hydra affect Hera?

A

This angered Hera

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20
Q

What did Hera send whilst Heracles was fighting the hydra?

A

a crab

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21
Q

What did Heracles do to the creature Hera sent him whilst fighting the hydra?

A

he crushed the crab

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22
Q

What did Heracles do to the hydra after killing it?

A

he buried the heads of it in a pile of rocks

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23
Q

What did Heracles use the venom of the Lernaean hydra for ?

A

poison for his weapons

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24
Q

TRUE OF FALSE:
Heracles’ second labour was disqualified

A

True

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25
Q

Why was Heracles’ second labour disqualified?

A

because he had received outside help

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26
Q

What was Heracles’ third labour?

A

The Golden Hind

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27
Q

What was the Golden Hind also known as?

A

Ceryneian Hind

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28
Q

Where was the Golden Hind from?

A

Mount Ceryneia

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29
Q

Why was the golden hind special? (two reasons)

A

-larger than a bull
-golden from horns to hooves (fully gold)

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30
Q

Who was the Golden Hind Sacred to?

A

Artemis

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31
Q

Why was the Heracles’ third task difficult?

A

he had to track the hind for a whole year before being able to catch it.

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32
Q

Who did Heracles meet on his way back home after getting the Golden hind?

A

he met Apollo and Artemis

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33
Q

How did Artemis first feel towards Heracles during his third labour? and why?

A

angry because he had taken her sacred hind

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34
Q

How did Artemis’ feeling towards Heracles change? and why?

A

her anger subsided because Heracles explained he had been forced to do it by King Eurystheus and was only borrowing the hind.

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35
Q

What number Labour was the Erymanthian Boar?

A

The fourth Labour

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36
Q

What was the Erymanthian Boar?

A

a boar much larger than others and terrorised the countryside of Arcadia

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37
Q

What was Heracles instructed to do on his fourth labour?

A

to bring the Erynamthian Boar back to Mycenae alive

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38
Q

How did Heracles capture the Erymanthian Boar?

A

He tired the boar by chasing it through the snow. After it was tired he bound it by its legs and carries it back to Mycenae.

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39
Q

How did the king react to the Erymanthian Boar?

A

he was so frightened he hid in a sunken Pithos

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40
Q

What is a Pithos?

A

a large clay storage jar

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41
Q

What number labour was the Augean Stables?

A

Heracles’ fifth labour

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42
Q

What was Heracles tasked to do in his Fifth Labour?

A

to clean the stables of Augeas in one day

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43
Q

What was Augeas famed for regarding his cattle?

A

having an enormous herd of cattle that produced extremely large amount of dung/poo

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44
Q

How did Heracles conquer the Augean Stables?

A

he diverted two rivers through the stables cleaning them instantly.

45
Q

What were the two rivers Heracles diverted in the Augean Stables?

A

Alpheios and Peneios

46
Q

What did Augeas do after Heracles completed the task in the Augean stables?

A

he refused to pay Heracles what he promised.

47
Q

How did Heracles retaliate to Augeas in the 5th Labour?

A

Heracles was enraged and returned with and army to defeat the king

47
Q

What did Heracles do to commemorate his victory in the 5th labour?

A

He founded the Olympic Games for his father Zeus.

48
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
The fifth labour was accepted.

A

FALSE
it was rejects by king Eurystheus because Heracles accepted payment for the labour

49
Q

What was the sixth Labour?

A

Stymphalian Birds

50
Q

Who where the Stymphalian Birds?

A

They were ravaging the lands of Stymphalos and eating the residents

51
Q

Who did Heracles receive help from when he was up against the Stymphalian Birds?

A

Athena

52
Q

What did the helper do to help Heracles in the sixth labour?

A

Athena gave him a rattle made by Hephaistos.

53
Q

What happened after Heracles used the rattle in the sixth labour to defeat the birds?

A

The birds flew into the sky and Heracles shot them down using arrows or a sling shot.

54
Q

What was the 7th labour?

A

The Cretan Bull

55
Q

What was Heracles required to do with the Cretan Bull?

A

bring it to Mycenae

56
Q

What had the Cretan bull been doing?

A

it was destroying Cretan homes and farmland.

57
Q

How did Heracles defeat the Cretan Bull?

A

he crept up behind it and strangled it, but stopped just before it passes out

58
Q

What did King Eurystheus do after seeing the Cretan bull?

A

he hid in his pithos

59
Q

Where did the Cretan bull go after being brought Mycenae?

A

it was left to roam around to Marathon

60
Q

Who later defeats the Cretan bull?

A

Theseus

61
Q

What number labour was the Mares of Diomedes?

A

Labour number 8

62
Q

Who was Diomedes and what was he know for?

A

He was the King of Bistones in Thrace.
He was known for a set of horses that he kept tied up in a bronze manger.

63
Q

What did Heracles do to the stablemen from the 8th labour?

A

he killed stablemen

64
Q

Who did Heracles leave the horses to when he went to fight Diomedes in the 8th labour and what happened to him?

A

Abderos, and he was overpowered by the horses and the horses ate him.

65
Q

What did Heracles do finding out what had happened to his friend in labour 8?

A

he defeated Diomedes and fed him to the horses

66
Q

After Heracles took the mares to Eurystheus in the eighth labour what happened? (2 versions)

A

-one account suggests the horses completely calm were freed to roam in Argos.
-Another account states they were set free and when they got to Olympus they were killed by wild animals

67
Q

What was the ninth labour?

A

The belt of Hippolyte

68
Q

Who was Hippolyte?

A

Hippolyte was the queen of the Amazons

69
Q

Who were the Amazons?

A

a race of female warriors who lived near the Black sea

70
Q

What was special about Hippolyte in the ninth labour?

A

she was given a magical belt by her father Ares.

71
Q

What was Heracles sent to do in the ninth labour and why?

A

He was sent to retrieve the magic belt because Eurystheus’s daughter wanted it.

72
Q

What surprised Heracles about Hippolyte in the ninth labour?

A

Hippolyte admired the deeds of Heracles and she she freely offered the belt to him.

73
Q

Who was angry that the ninth the easy was so easy for Heracles?

A

Hera

74
Q

What did Hera do during the ninth labour after she got angry?

A

she took the form of an Amazonian and spread a rumour that Heracles planned to steal the queen

75
Q

How did the Amazonians react to what Hera had done in the ninth labour?

A

They rode out to kill Heracles and his men

76
Q

How did the Belt of Hippolyte labour end?

A

A battle took place and Hippolyte is killed, Heracles then retrieves the belt and brings it back to Mycenae.

77
Q

What number labour was the The cattle of Geryon?

A

it was the tenth labour

78
Q

Where did Heracles have to go to for the Cattle of Geryon?

A

he had to go to the edge of the earth

79
Q

What were the Cattle of Geryon famous for?

A

They were famous for their red hides (animal skin)

80
Q

What did Heracles have to do first to get the Cattle of Geryon?

A

he had to defeat the herdsmen and his dog by beating them with his club

81
Q

What was the name of the herdsmen and dog from the tenth labour?

A

Eurytion (herdsmen) and Orthrus (dog)

82
Q

What happened after Heracles had beaten up the herdsmen in the tenth labour?

A

The herdsmen informed Geryon about what had happened, and then Heracles and Geryon fought

83
Q

Why was Geryon from the tenth labour not normal?

A

he had 3 heads and three sets of arms and legs

84
Q

How did Heracles defeat Geryon in the tenth labour?

A

He used his club and bow to defeat him

85
Q

What happened to the Cattle of Geryon when it was brought to Mycenae

A

Eurystheus sacrificed the bulls to Hera.

86
Q

What was the 11th labour?

A

The apples of Hesperides

87
Q

What were the apples of Hesperides?

A

they were a wedding gift presented to Zeus and Hera by Earth (Gaia)

88
Q

What was special about the apples of Hesperides?

A

the were golden

89
Q

Who were the apples of Hesperides guarded by?

A

the Hesperides

90
Q

Who were the Hesperides from the 11th labour?

A

they were nymphs and the daughters of Atlas

91
Q

Why was the 11th labour Heracles’s longest labour?

A

he did not know where the garden with the apples was.

92
Q

Who did Heracles help to find out where the Apples of Hesperides was and how?

A

he helped Prometheus by killing the eagle.

93
Q

Who was Prometheus from the 11th labour?

A

He was a titan who defied the gods and so Zeus punished him by chaining him to a mountain where an eagle would peck on his liver.

94
Q

Who did Heracles travel to after helping Prometheus in the 11th labour?

A

Atlas

95
Q

Who was Atlas?

A

he was a titan who had been tasked with holding up the skies by Zeus.

96
Q

What did Heracles offer to Atlas in the 11th labour?

A

he offered to hold the sky if Atlas went to get the apples

97
Q

What did Atlas offer when he get back in the 11th labour?

A

he offered to deliver the apples himself so that he would not have to take back the sky

98
Q

How did Heracles trick Atlas in the 11th labour?

A

he accepted Atlas’s offer but asked him to hold the sky for a moment as he got some pillows to cushion his shoulders. Heracles then takes the apples and runs off with it.

99
Q

How did the Apples of Hesperides labour end?

A

Heracles took it to Mycenae and Athena took them back to the garden as they were property of Zeus and not allowed to stay with Eurystheus.

100
Q

What was Heracles’ final labour?

A

The Cerberus

101
Q

What was Heracles required to do for his final labour?

A

he had to retrieve Cerberus from the underworld

102
Q

Who was the Cerberus?

A

it was a multi-headed dog that guards the gates of the Underworld to prevent the dead from leaving

103
Q

Who did Heracles need to gain favour from to be able to take the Cerberus?

A

Hades and Persephone

104
Q

What did Hades and Persephone challenge Heracles with in his last labour?

A

They said if he could capture the Cerberus without any weapons, he would be allowed to take him to Eurystheus

105
Q

How did Heracles defeat the Cerberus in his last labour?

A

he use the stranglehold

106
Q

How did Heracles’ last labour end?

A

After presenting Cerberus to Eurystheus he returned to the underworld.

107
Q

What heroic traits does Heracles show through his labour? (list 3)

A

-bravery
-strength
-resilience
-cunning
-courage
-perseverance

OCR GCSE Classical Civilisation Myth and Religion (20 decks)

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