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OCR GCSE Classical Civilisation Myth and Religion > Roman Festivals > Flashcards

Roman Festivals Flashcards

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1
Q

Name two Roman festivals

A

The lupercalia and saturnalia

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2
Q

When was the lupercalia observed

A

February 15th

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3
Q

Why was the lupercalia celebrated

A

-To avert evil spirits and purify the city
-Promote health and fertility

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4
Q

What is the other name for the lupercalia

A

Dies Febratus

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5
Q

Where did the lupercalia take place

A

On the Palantine Hill

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6
Q

What were the whips used to whip women in the lupercalia made of

A

Made of goat skin

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7
Q

What two animals were sacrificed and what spice was used

A

Goats and dogs were sacrificed, sprinkled with mola salsa

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8
Q

Who made mola salsa

A

Vestal Virgins

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9
Q

Which god did the lupercalia honour

A

Lupercus

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10
Q

What was Lupercus the god of

A

Fertility

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11
Q

Which hero did the lupercalia honour

A

Romulus

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12
Q

What was Romulus known as

A

King of the Shepherds

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13
Q

What were the priests of the lupercalia called

A

Luperci

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14
Q

Who were chosen to be luperci

A

Noble men in Rome

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15
Q

What is the Lupercal

A

Cave in Palantine hill where the she-wolf suckled Romulus and Remus

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16
Q

What is located in the Lupercal

A

Altar that celebrated the lupercalia

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17
Q

What did the luperci do after the sacrifice

A

Set off in a race around the foot of the Palantine hill

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18
Q

Why were dogs and goats sacrificed in the lupercalia

A

Known for their virility(manliness & sex drive)

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19
Q

Outline the sacrifice of the lupercalia

A

-Animals made to nod in acceptance of the sacrifice
-Mola salsa sprinkled on heads and throats slit
-Blood was collected and was dripped on forehead of participants
-Priests let out a laugh at this point
-Entrails read and if good, sacrificial meat consumed

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20
Q

Who read the entrails of the sacrificed animals

A

Haruspex

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21
Q

Why would the luperci run the race naked

A

Ovid explains god Lupercus was naked

22
Q

What was the only public part of the lupercalia festival

A

The race

23
Q

Why would the luperci whip women

A

To grant fertility

24
Q

Where does Plutarch say the lupercalia comes from

A

Evander from Arcadia, Greek ‘Lycaea’ means feast of wolves. Greek origins

25
Q

What was the symbolism in the sacrificial process of the lupercalia

A

Dogs sacrificed because Greeks has a sacrifice where they buried dogs

26
Q

What did Evander bring from Greece to Rome

A

Woodland dieties

27
Q

What was Pan a god of

A

God of cattle, shepherds and flock

28
Q

What is Pan the greek version of

A

Lupercus (Roman version)

29
Q

Why did two young Luperci run around in the Lupercalia

A

Imitates Romulus and Remus after defeating Amulius

30
Q

What god was the Saturnalia dedicated to

A

Saturn

31
Q

Who was Saturn

A

A titan who was the father of Jupiter

32
Q

What is Saturn the god of

A

Abundance & wealth, sowing and the seed

33
Q

What did the saturnalia celebrate

A

End of Winter solstice

34
Q

What did the end of winter solstice represent

A

Coming of new light, rebirth and promise of a positive future

35
Q

What did the saturnalia hope for

A

A new golden age

36
Q

Why was Saturn celebrated in the saturnalia

A

Saturn was the ruler of the golden age, a time of prosperity and abundance

37
Q

What was the colourful piece of clothing the Romans wore in the Saturnalia called

A

Synthesis

38
Q

What would the Romans put on and what did it symbolise

A

Pilleus symboloised a new start

39
Q

When and where did the saturnalia start

A

17th December in the Temple of Roman Forum

40
Q

Who was allowed to participate in the saturnailia

A

Everyone, including slaves were allowed to join in festivities

41
Q

What custom did the saturnalia have that made it comedic

A

Roles were reversed, masters served dinner and slaves were allowed to speak badly without being punished

42
Q

What were given as presents in the saturnalia

A

Sigillania, small wax statues

43
Q

How did the saturnalia change overtime

A

Lasted from 17th to 23rd but Augustus shorted it to three days. Claudius extended it to 5 days

44
Q

What religion was inspired by the saturnilia

A

Christian celebration of Christmas, similar in terms of gift giving and feasting

45
Q

Who took part in the saturnalia

A

-All of society(national holiday)
-Priests of the temple of Saturn in the Roman Forum provided religious officials

46
Q

What events were involved in the saturnalia
Name 3 events

A

-Sacrifice
-Public feast
-Gift giving
-Private feast

47
Q

What was the sacrifice like in the saturnalia

A

Priests took part with head uncovered in Greek style

48
Q

What was the public feast like in the saturnalia

A

-Took place throughout streets of Rome
-Enormous expense & lasted several days, paid by state
-Included statue of Saturn that would sit at the banquet

49
Q

What did the saturn statue signify in the public feast

A

Signifies gods presence

50
Q

What was the private feast like in the saturnalia

A

-Slaves & masters were equal
-Slaves had power whilst masters served them

OCR GCSE Classical Civilisation Myth and Religion (20 decks)

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