role of individuals (consolidation) Flashcards
What years was Joseph Chamberlain colonial secretary?
1895-1903
What was Chamberlain’s political background?
Initially liberal, defects to the tories over Ireland
What main African policies is Chamberlain known for?
Initiated Uganda railway (connected E. African Coast to the interior) Ashantiland annexation.
What actions show Joseph Chamberlain’s commitment to his role?
Turned down Chancellor of the Exchequer and Home Secretary in 1895. Felt an imperial duty.
Which event hosted Chamberlain’s failure to secure an Imperial Parliament?
Colonial Conference of 1887
What was Chamberlain’s official status on the Jameson raid and South African conquest?
Exonerated from Jameson Raid, but supported SA conquest.
In what years did colonial conferences take place?
1897 & 1902 - proposes colonial conferences, proposed imperial defence and customs union.
What shows Chamberlain’s decreased popularity within government?
Passed over for Prime Minister when Lord Salisbury retires in 1902 and resigns in 1903.
What society did Chamberlain form following his resignation?
Tarrif Reform League for Imperial Preference. Splits tories and lost 1906 election.
What was the trajectory of Chamberlain’s popularity?
Popular in 1899 BWII due to belligerent attitude to SA. Lost glory as dragged on.
What was Cecil Rhodes’ official position?
Primę Minister of the Cape Colony in 1890
What was Cecil Rhodes’ personal philosophy?
Right and duty for Brits to dominate Africa. Social Darwinist. Wanted to link Cape to Cairo.
What did Rhodes do to satisfy his philosophies and aims?
- Violent expansion to territories later known as Rhodesia.
- Sent settlers and BSAC troops to form Fort Salisbury in Ndebele territory in 1890
What infrastructure project did Rhodes begin for strategic purposes?
Raił line from Cape to Bechuanaland to outflank Boers and German Central African expansion. Expansion to Cairo blocked by German presence in East Africa.
Why did Rhodes resign and when?
1896: following Jameson Raid.
What did Rhodes do following his resignation.
Funds pressure groups such as Round Table (est. 1910)
How long was Evelyn Baring Consul-General in Egypt?
1883-1907
What was Baring’s personal philosophy
Certain of Christian morality, was himself as a moral reformer. Saw Islam and Arab customs as outdated and inferior to Christianity,
What was Baring’s attitude towards the Egyptian army?
Distrusted it, and formed an Indian style.
What actions did Baring take in order to consolidate control the economy?
- Established new guiding principle: Granville Doctrine. Allowed Egyptian ministers to be dismissed if they refused to accept HB directive
- GB officials placed in key ministries.
Why did Baring resign?
Forced to resign after Denshawai. Parliament gives him £50k for services.
In what political era was Viceroy Curzon appointed?
At the height of conservative imperialism in 1899
In what years was Curzon Viceroy?
1899-1905
What foreign policy did Curzon pursue?
Concerned about Russian expansion leads him to create NW Frontier Province in 1901 and a military expedition to Tibet.
