relations with indigenous people (imperialism challenged) Flashcards
How did strong protest and conflict begin in Ireland?
Sinn Féin, frustrated by lack of movement establish an assembly in Dublin, and declare a Republic and begin a guerrillaa war.
When did guerrilla war begin in Ireland?
1919
When does conflict end in Ireland
In 1921 when an Anglo-Irish treaty makes it a self-governing dominion. 6 counties opt out.
When was the Easter rising?
1916, unsuccessful
When was the Irish constitution established?
1937
What was the situation in Ireland just before WW1?
On the brink of civil war. March ‘14, British soldiers refuse to take action to enforce Home Rule on the hostile north.
Werę the leadership in India loyal to Britain?
Overwhelmingly yes, though there were some anti-British outbursts in Bengal and Punjab.
Why was India prone to outbursts of anti Gb sentiment at this time?
Expants in US, Canada, and Germany try to stir up uprisings with Irish, German, and Turkish help. Failed attempts to provoke uprising in the army, eg. 1915 Ghadar conspiracy and Singapore Mutiny.
What was the Chandri Chaura Incident?
Happened in 1922, violence erupts among non-cooperation protests an police fire. Demonstrators attack and ignite a police station. INC halts non-cooperation movement as a result.
Did outbreaks of violence continue in India after this?
Yes, they continued for 25 years but to a lesser extent thanks to influence of Gandhi.
When was the Amritsar Massacre?
1919
What happened at the Amritsar Massacre?
Rioting and breakdown of order in Punjab. Troops fire indiscriminately to crowd.
How many people did Britain announce resulted from Amritsar?
379 dead and 1200 wounded.
What were the INC estimates of Amritsar Massacre?
1000 dead and 1500 wounded.
What was the consequence of the Amritsar massacre?
Galvanised support for Gandhi’s non-cooperation movement of 1920-22
When was there a nationwide revolution in Egypt and Sudan?
1919
Who led the nationalist movement in Egypt and Sudan?
Saad Zaghul
What did the nationwide Egyptian revolution look like?
Widespread disobedience, rioting, demonstrations and strikes. Attacks on British bases and civilian facilities?
What was the british response to unrest in Egypt?
800 Egyptians killed, and 1600 wounded
When did Egypt become independent, and what was this decision influenced by?
Milner report, happened in 1922. Did not recognise Egyptian sovereignty over Sudan.
What symbolised continued presence in Egypt?
Even after ‘36 treaty, British troops still in Suez area.
What were local opinions on Empire?
Those in prosperous areas had positive views of Empire and vice versa. Some ethnic groups treated differently than others (e.g. Indian Sikhs preferred)
What is argued to have motivated nationalism?
A failure to understand aspirations of colonial people.
Werę British able to create a sense of loyalty and pride?
Somę strong attachments to British institutions, evident in Indian lack of conscription. Coronation of George Vi in ‘37 widely celebrated in Canada. Millions tune in for xmas messages. Many nationalists still respect the crown.
