expansion in africa (imperial dev) Flashcards
What was the overall attitude between ‘57-‘90?
A maintaining of imperial possessions.
What catalysed the formalisation of possessions through the Royal Niger Company, East Africa Company, and South Africa Company
French competition
When and why did British interest in Egypt revive?
- American civil war which starved British mills of raw cotton.
By the 1870s, what proportion of Egypt’s imports were British?
40%
When did Isma’Il Pasha come to power?
1863
How many miles of travel did the Suez Canal cut?
6000
When was the Suez Canal Company established?
1858
When did construction begin on the Suez Canal?
1859
When was the Suez Canal finished?
1869
Why did the UK not invest in the Canal early on
Skeptical of French engineering ability
When did Benjamin Disraeli buy shares in the Canal Company?
1875
When was Isma’Il Pasha deposed?
1879
Who replaces Isma’Il Pasha?
Tewfiq
Which British commissioner keeps the Egyptian economy afloat?
Lord Dufferin = British commissioner keeps the Egyptian economy afloat and has a lot of influence, orders raising of taxes and cutting of spending.
What was the response to austerity?
Upset in streets of Alexandria?
When did the response to austerity take place?
June ‘82
What does Gladstone do in response to the response to austerity?
Bombardment of Alexandria, killing hundreds of people
What did Tewfiq have to do following the negative response to austerity?
Admit parts of the nationalist opposition (Arabis) to the gobernment
Following Gladstone’s response, what is done?
Arabi Pasha declares war, prevents Cairo advance, but Suez Canal seized and later Cairo, Tewfiq reimposed as puppet ruler
Who was Evelyn Baring?
Consul General of EgyptWhat f
What formalised British control of Egypt
1885 convention of London, international loan for egypt
Who was sent to Sudan to act as the Governor General of Egyptian administered Sudan?
Generał Gordon, from ‘77-‘80
Who declares himself as a Mahdi and what did he do?
Cleric Muhammad Ahmad and forms a jihadist army
What had this army done by 1882?
Surrounded area around Khartoum
What counter-attack did the British mount on the Mahdidsts?
- GB-Egyptian expedition under Colonel Hicks dispatched. Hicks killed
What did Gladstone order in relation to Sudan in 1884
Evacuation
When was Khartoum overrun?
Jan ‘85
Who was killed in Khartoum
Pretty much the whole garrison.
Was there a retaliation from the actions in Khartoum
No, wanted to avoid conflict
