attitudes to empire (individuals) Flashcards
What were the reasons why someone might travel to the Empire?
- Christian duty and moral compunction to civilise heathens
- Desire for wealth and profits
- Power and status of lucrative admin posts
How do some people characterise the acquiring of colonial assets?
by accident
Who was the most famous early victorian explorer?
David Livingstone
How did Livingston begin his travels?
As a missionary doctor in South Africa in 1841, soon began exploring unexplored territories?
When did Livingstone return to Britain, how was he received?
Returned to huge acclaim in 1856 to ‘57, lectures at Cambridge and spoke of his discoveries.
When did Livingstone receive government funding for his first return to Africa?
1858
What was Livingstone’s official title on his return to Africa?
Consul for the East Coast of African,
What did Livingstone explore upon his return to Africa?
The Zambezi river, with a team of Africans, Indians, and former slaves
How many letters did Livingstone write back to the UK?
Over 2000
What happened to Livingstone and when did this happening unhappen?
He dramatically disappeared and was found by Henry Stanley in 1871
Who was John Kirk?
Scottish physician and botanist on Livingstone’s Zambezi expedition. Collected specimens
When did John Kirk return to Africa, and in what capacity?
1868 as medical officer and Vice-Consul in the Sultanate of Zanzibar. Made sure it was a GB client state because it was rich and had important clove and ivory exports.
Who was Sir Richard Burton?
Linguistic scholar, explorer and adventurer who travels in the muslim world.
How did Burton become famous?
1850s for stories of Muslim life and manners, based on visits to sacred Islamic cities such as Mecca.
When did Burton go to Somaliland?
1855
When did Burton go on an expedition in inland Zanzibar?
1857-8. Forced to abandon so Speake had glory of discovering Lake Victoria believed to be the source of the Nile. Speke disagreed.
What did Speke join?
Joined Richard Burton’s Somaliland exploration in 1855, and quest to find the origin of the Nile in 1857.
What was Speke (and Burton) the first europeans to do?
Reach lake Tanganyika in February 1858
Which diamond mines did Cecil Rhodes own?
Owned all of SA diamond mines and thus 90% of global diamond production.
Somę shit abt missionaries bc u have to know it
Heathens, would enforce British gender norms, western clothing and housing, and monogamous marriage through material gains such as food, jobs, and houses.
Which company did Cecil Rhodes run?
British South Africa Company. Known as South Zambesia initially, then became Rhodesia in 1895.
What was Cecil Rhodes’ ideology?
Social darwinism and that GB was the finest race.
Who was William Mackinnon
Founded the British East Africa company
Who was George Goldie
Bought a palm oil business in the niger basin. Persuaded other companies to consolidate with him that created the United African Company. Thanks to him GB claim to Nigeria in Berlin held up.
Who was Evelyn Baring?
Colonial administrator. Served as Indian Viceroy’s personal secretary from 1872-76, then posted to Egypt in ‘77, to help Isma’il Pasha with financial difficulties.
Was Baring well received in Egypt?
Not listened to, leaved in ‘77 and returns in ‘82 as Consul General. Veiled protectorate.
Who was Bartle Frere?
Began career in Indian Civil Service in crushing Indian Rebellion won him a knighthood. Became governor of Bombay and member of India council between 1867-77. 1877 appointed as High Commissioner and Governor of Cape Colony. Provoked war with Zulus in December ‘78 but was defeated at Isandlwana in January ‘79 and high cost = reprimand. Withdrawn from SA by Liberal Gov in 1880. Shows the power of men on the spot.
When did Bartle Frere become Governor of When was Bartle Frere a member of the India council?
67-77
When was Bartle Frere appointed as High Commissioner and Governor of the cape colony
1877
When did Bartle Frere provoke war with the Zulu Tribe?
December ‘78
What famous defeat of British forces in South Africa by the Zulus was there?
January ‘79, Isandlwana
When was Bartle Frere withdrawn from South Africa by the Liberal government?
1880.
