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personal a-level british empire xx > decolonisation in africa and asia (winds of change) > Flashcards

decolonisation in africa and asia (winds of change) Flashcards

1
Q

Why did Britain decolonise?

A
  • Powerful nationalist movements which
  • Economic impact of WWII
  • Changing European priorities
  • Emergence of EEC refocuses trade on Europe. By ’50s, support for Empire (particularly with business dwindles)
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2
Q

When was Nkrumah imprisoned?

A

1950

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3
Q

In which election in the Gold Coast did the CPP (nationalist) win 2/3 of the vote?

A

1950

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4
Q

When and what was the Burns Constitution?

A

1946, constitutional arrangement for GC legislative council. 18 Africans elected, 12 British nominees. Ultimate control with governor, leading to unrest.

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5
Q

When did Nkrumah become Prime Minister?

A

in 1952

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6
Q

When did Ghana become independent?

A

1957

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7
Q

When was the Gold Coast unified with Togoland?

A

1956

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8
Q

What is the CPP short for?

A

The Convention People’s Party

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9
Q

When did Nkrumah found the CPP

A

1949

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10
Q

What was the Gold Coast deemed to be?

A

Most politically mature and fit for self-governance, though this was not seen as possible for at least one generation.

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11
Q

What did the initial legislative council in Nigeria look like?

A

3 assemblies for each of the major regions: West, East, South

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12
Q

When were the Nigerian elections?

A

‘54, ‘59

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13
Q

When did Nigeria become fully independent?

A

1960

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14
Q

How many seats did the Nigerian House of Reps have in 1951?

A

185

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15
Q

What was the consequence of the 1951 expansion of the vote?

A

Morę political parties

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16
Q

What did the 1951 Macpherson Constitution do?

A

Expanded the vote and the chamber in Nigeria

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17
Q

What could the regional Nigerian governments not be, and why was this problematic?

A

Cannot be overruled by the federal government, and ethnic tensions stoked.

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18
Q

When does Sierra Leone become in dependent?

A

1961

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19
Q

When does Gambia become independent?

A

1965

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20
Q

How was East Africa perceived by the British following WW2?

A

Ideał for development, perfect for dollar earning exports, see Tanganyika Groundnut Scheme.

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21
Q

When did Tanganyika become independent?

A

1961

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22
Q

When did Uganda become independenct?

A

1962

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23
Q

When did Kenya become independent?

A

December 1963

24
Q

Why was the independence process more violent in East Africa?

A

Very fast economic and urban growth, mass urbanisation and politics and nationalism. Also more settler communities so more aggravations.

25
In what years was the May Man uprising?
'52-'56
26
What was the impact of the response to the May May uprising regionally?
morę support for independence
27
By what point did the white minority have full control of South Africa?
1931
28
When was Apartheid imposed in South Africa?
1948
29
What were the '50s and '60s characterised by in South Africa?
Brutal repression of non-whites.
30
What were South African relations with Britain like?
Strained as Britain refused to hand over remaining regional colonies,
31
When was the CAF dissolved?
1967
32
How did Britain try to balance South African influence in the region?
Building up military presence in Rhodesian territories and Nyasaland.
33
When was the South African referendum on independence?
1960W
34
What did South Africa do in 1961
Exit the Commonwealth and became a republic.
35
Who led the violent resistance campaign in Burma?
Aung San
36
When were there Burmese talks in London regarding independence?
January 1947
37
When were there elections for the constituent assembly in Burma?
April 1947?
38
Who wins the elections in Burma?
APFL by a huge margin
39
What was the Burmese AFPFL
Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League
40
What were the issues with the Burmese AFPFL?
Internal issues, Aung San and 6 cabinet ministers assassinated in July 1947assassinated by rival faction/
41
What followed Burmese independence?
Civil War and complete turning away from Britain, not even Commonwealth.
42
What was the state of Malaya in 1948?
Various states in a federation
43
What do the Malayan Communists exploit?
Chinese dissatisfaction to stir up violence
44
What did Malayan guerrilla warfare involve?
Attacks on economic infrastructure.
45
How did Britain respond to Malayan guerrilla warfare?
Try to isolate the revolutionaries and eliminate the sense of security in populated areas so they were more likely to give up/ Malayan Chinese rehoused.
46
When was the Malaysian High Commissioner killed?
6th October 1951
47
What was the new British strategy?
Hearts and minds. New settlements built and independence promised if guerrillas defeated, after this it was easy to defeat them.
48
When did Malaya become independent?
In 1957, but accepted base in Singapore and remained in Sterling area, level of informal influence.
49
What was the political situation in Singapore by '47-'48?
own government with executive committee and legislative council
50
What proportion of the Singaporean Legislative Council was elected by 1948?
6/25, only British subjects vote.
51
Why was the Singaporean Legislative council enlarged in 1953?
Communist insurgency, enlarged to 32 times keep people on side. 25/32 seats for 300k people in 1953
52
Which party dominated the first elected Singaporean council?
SPP (Singapore Progressive Party, conservative group), only one three seats in 1955 election though.
53
When is Britain persuaded to give Singapore self-government?
1957
54
When was the State of Singapore Act?
1958
55
Who came to power in Singapore in 1963?
Lee Kuan Yew of PAP (party w commie leaning) but fears of Singapore businessmen and Brits unfounded.
56
When was it decided that Singapore should be part of Malaya?
1963
57
When was Singapore expelled from Malaya and why?
Race riots, August 1965

personal a-level british empire xx (27 decks)

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