post colonial ties (winds of change) Flashcards
How were the new nations created similar to the UK?
Emulated institutions such as Parliaments/ministries/judges w wigs/GB legal skills
How was British influence retained in colonies?
- Former colonial officials remain in key positions as advisory expats
How was influence over nations retained diplomatically?
- Emphasis on shared political traditions
- Major Commonwealth Conferences occur once every two years/ All take place in London apart from ‘66 in Lagos.
How was influence retained militarily?
- Residents of Commonwealth eligible to join GB military
- Ghurkas retained?
What role did the Queen play in former colonial countries?
A symbol of the Commonwealth and remains as head of state in many countries. Regular visits, meetings with heads of government, Christmas messages.
What did Britain’s retained influence over much of the world mean?
Justified UN Security Council seat.
What were some reasons for emigrating from Britain to the colonies?
- Wartime rationing continues till ‘54
- Strong Labour demand from Australia, Can, NZ
How many British people leave for the dominions between ‘46-‘57?
1 million
What percentage of the population in Britain are in contact with relatives in the Dominions?
25%
What part of the population makes up the flow to the dominions?
Administrators, civil servants, senior army officers, upper classes mostly/
What is the most likely point of contact with the dominions for members of the lower classes?
National Service in colonial wars such as Kenya, Malaya, or Suez
Why was the emigrationary flow reduced in the late ’50s?
Higher living standards in the UK, dominions look elsewhere for labour.
What did the racial policy look like in Australia?
White Australia policy bars non-white immigration until ‘73
What was the history of dominion immigration to the UK prior to WW2?
Indian soldiers lodged in Britain in WW1, but temporarily and segregated. Racial violence seen in seaports Cardiff and London. Most pre-war immigration were fleeing Europeans.
What ethnic groups were most prominent in British immigration in each decade?
Caribbean in 50s, Pakistan and India in the 60s, and Kenya in ‘67 as Kenyatta pushes Kenyan-Asians to leave.
What legislation allowed for so man to migrate to the UK?
The British Nationality Act of ‘48, an attempt to let citizens of the dominions to come back. Migration from other places unexpected.
What was the first arrival to attract media attention?
800 ppl on Windrus. Labour gov tries to block arrial, 11 MPs write oppositionary letter to Attlee on social cohesion. Housed temporarily in Clapham.
How many workers did London Transport take on in 1956?
4000, mostly from Barbados.
Why was little action taken to limit migration?
Plenty of jobs, and little action to help with settlement and exploitative accommodation.
What proportion of the immigrants lived in London?
Nearly half.
How many immigrants in Birmingham?
25k: morę Indians and pakistanis.
Where were other immigrants attracted to?
Oldham and Bradford, where declining textiles industries desperate for cheap labour.
How many black people in the UK by 1967?
1 million.H
How many people were coming in per year between 1962 and 65?
50k
