relations with indigenous people (winds of change)

Question 1

What happened in Kenya in 1952?

Answer 1

There was an escalation of murders of fellow Kikuyus that were Christian and refused the oath and white farmers.

Question 2

What was the Chief of the Kikuyus?

Answer 2

Warihiu wa Kungu, spoke out against atrocities?W

Question 3

When was the chief of Kikuyus assassinated?

Answer 3

October 1952

Question 4

Which British administrator was brought in to form a new Kenyan government in 1952?

Answer 4

Evelyn Baring?

Question 5

What did the new Kenyan government do?

Answer 5

Declares a state of emergency in 1952, which suspends all black rights. Begins huge repressive regime.

Question 6

Why were the British people so opposed to the Mau May?

Answer 6

Rumours of ritualistic oaths scared people.

Question 7

How did the Kenyan government organise its military forces?

Answer 7

There was a ‘home guard’ of Kikuyus, British ground troops, air power. The May May had no chance, but manage to hold out for 5 years.

Question 8

What did the British do to the Kikuyu people in their guerrilla war?

Answer 8

Villages uprooted and relocated, which cut off the May May off their sources of support in the White Highlands

Question 9

What triggered the Mau Man movement?

Answer 9

Shortage of land as seized by white people. Major insurrection in 1952.

Question 10

What did the British do to captured May Mays?

Answer 10

Hanged everyone and ‘rehabilitation camps’ for interrogation and torture/

Question 11

How many people are estimated to have been killed in the dispute?

Answer 11

25k estimated, though between 130k-300k not accounted for.

Question 12

What was the Hola Camp atrocity?

Answer 12

The killing of 11 May May prisoners in beatings after they refuse to do work/ Attempt to cover up.

Question 13

When did Britain form the Central African Federation

Answer 13

1953.

Question 14

Which nations made up the Central African Federation?

Answer 14

Northern Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia, Nyasaland.

Question 15

Sińce when was S. Rhodesia self-governing?

Answer 15

1923

Question 16

How many white people did southern Rhodesia have?

Answer 16

129k

Question 17

How many white people did Northern Rhodesia have?

Answer 17

36000

Question 18

What was the political status of Northern Rhodesia?

Answer 18

Protectorage, GB has direct control.

Question 19

What did the Special British Commission of 1959 conclude?

Answer 19

The declaration of emergency was an overreaction and denounced Nyasaland.

Question 20

What had the British hoped the creation of a federation would do?

Answer 20

Protect Africans in Northern Rhodesia from discriminatin

Question 21

What did the South try to use the federation to do?

Answer 21

Try to enforce their style of leadership on Nyasaland residents?

Question 22

Who was the governor of Nyasaland?

Answer 22

Sir Robert Armitage

Question 23

What did the governor of Nyasaland do?

Answer 23

Declares state of emergency, bans that national African congress and imprisons leaders, and 1300 others without trial. 2000 in total.

Question 24

When did Britain break up the African federation?

Answer 24

in 1964.

Question 25

What was the result of the breaking up of the federation?

Answer 25

Northern Rhodesia becomes Zambia, with a Black African majority government as part of the Commonwealth. Nyasaland becomes Malawi with a Black Majority government as part of the Commonwealth.

Question 26

What did Southern Rhodesia do following the break up of the federation?

Answer 26

Declares indipendente as Rhodesia, rejected as illegal. Try to sanction them but useless as they collaborate with South Africa. Embarrassing impotence.

Question 27

What happened following Rhodesia's independence?

Answer 27

15 year civil war between whites and blacks. Becomes Zimbabwe in 1980 with Black majority rule.

Question 28

What ethnic groups dominated the Northern People's Congress?

Answer 28

Hausa and Fulani ethnic groups. Educated muslims

Question 29

What was the internal structure of the Northern People's Congress?

Answer 29

Worked with the assent of their emirs.

Question 30

What did the NPC want to do?

Answer 30

Protect the North from Southern influence?

Question 31

Who dominated the Action group? What did they want?

Answer 31

Dominated by Yoruba. Resist unitary government and represent the economically advanced Western region. Sought autonomous status with a federal structure/

Question 32

What did the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons want?

Answer 32

Dominated by the Igbo and run by Azikiwe, who owns newspapers. Widest appeal.

Question 33

Why was the Malay path to independence complicated?

Answer 33

Because there were other non-Malayan ethnic groups, such as the Chinese, who were excluded from the 'Malay nationality' by the British.

Question 34

What were the names of militant Malay independence movements?

Answer 34

- Liberation Army - MCP (malay Communist Party)

Question 35

What did the militant nationalist movements of Malaya do?

Answer 35

Attack farms and police stations. Strike activity and disrupt transport and communication networks, provoking the 'Malayan emergency'

Question 36

What triggered the Malayan emergency?

Answer 36

Fear of communism, the shooting of Sir Henry Guerney (High Commissioner)