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Theories of Personality > Rogers > Flashcards

Rogers Flashcards

1
Q

A person’s inner abilities to solve problems, alter self-concept, and become more self-directed reflect Rogers’s concept of

A

the actualizing tendency.

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2
Q

Rogers believed that conflict and inner tension are a result of a discrepancy between the

A

actualizing and self-actualization tendencies.

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3
Q

In Rogers’s theory, self-actualization is

A

a subsystem of the actualizing tendency.

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4
Q

Rogers believed that people’s positive self-regard

A

can exist independently of other people’s attitudes toward them.

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5
Q

The research on the effectiveness of client-centered therapy reported by Rogers and Dymond indicated that after therapy, clients

A

showed more movement to growth than a matched group of control participants.

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6
Q

Laura has just complimented Mitzi for her cooking. Mitzi regards herself as a very mediocre cook. According to Rogerian theory, Laura’s remarks will

A

be distorted by Mitzi.

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7
Q

According to Rogers, when therapists experience “a warm, positive and accepting attitude toward what is the client”, they

A

have unconditional positive regard for that client.

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8
Q

For Rogers, all behavior is relative to the

A

actualizing tendency.

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9
Q

According to Rogers, which of these conditions would be MOST therapeutic?

A

empathy.

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10
Q

Before entering Columbia University to study psychology and education, Carl Rogers had planned to become

A

a minister.

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11
Q

In describing psychological maladjustment, Rogers preferred to speak of it in terms of

A

defensive and disorganized behavior.

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12
Q

According to Rogers, ______ is a person’s need to be loved, liked, or accepted by another person.

A

positive regard.

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13
Q

Rogers would say that unconditional positive regard is at greatest variance with

A

external evaluation.

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14
Q

For Rogers, the source of people’s positive self-regard is

A

other people’s positive regard toward them.

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15
Q

Rogers’s concept of humanity is basically

A

positive and optimistic.

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16
Q

Which term is LEAST appropriate as applied to Carl Rogers?

A

philosopher

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17
Q

When a person becomes vaguely aware that the discrepancy between experience and self may become conscious, Rogers said that he or she will develop a feeling of

A

anxiety.

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18
Q

Rogers referred to the tendency for the person of tomorrow to live in the present moment as

A

existential living.

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19
Q

Disorganization exists, Rogers said, when

A

normal defenses do not reconcile experiences with view of self.

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20
Q

According to Rogers, positive external evaluations

A

do not foster psychological health.

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21
Q

Rogers’s early approach to therapy was most influenced by

A

Otto Rank.

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22
Q

The misinterpretation of an experience in order to make it fit some aspect of one’s self-concept matches Rogers’ concept of

A

distortion

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23
Q

According to Rogers, the two subsystems of the self are the

A

self-concept and the ideal self.

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24
Q

Rogers said that evaluations of a person by others tend to

A

distort the person’s self-concept.

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25
Q

According to Rogers, when people are unaware of the discrepancy between their self and their experience, they become

A

vulnerable

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26
Q

What condition did Rogers believe must be present in a relationship that leads to psychological growth?

A

All of these are correct.

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27
Q

Rogers’s therapeutic approach at the University of Chicago emphasized

A

the importance of the therapist-client relationship.

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28
Q

Rogers held that if certain therapeutic conditions are present, then people will

A

move toward psychological growth.

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29
Q

According to Rogers,

A

everyone possesses the actualizing tendency.

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30
Q

Carl Rogers is best known as

A

the founder of client-centered therapy.

31
Q

Rogers believed that the successful therapist

A

must be congruent in the counseling relationship.

32
Q

For Rogers, empathy is an effective part of therapy because it

A

helps clients listen to their organismic self.

33
Q

Rogers believed that healthy individuals evaluate their experience from the viewpoint of their

A

organismic self

34
Q

Rogers said that evaluations of a person by others tend to

A

distort the person’s self-concept

35
Q

For Rogers, empathy is an effective part of therapy because it enables clients to listen to their

A

organismic self

36
Q

To Rogers, the basic ingredient of maladjustment is

A

discrepancy of organismic vs. perceived self

37
Q

Rogers said that an established self-concept

A

renders change and growth more difficult

38
Q

According to Rogers, experiences inconsistent with one’s self-concept are

A
  1. not readily accepted into the self-concept
  2. often denied
  3. often accepted only in distorted forms
39
Q

Which of these conditions did Rogers NOT see as a “necessary and sufficient” ingredient in therapeutic growth?

A

problem solving

40
Q

Rogers’s theory of personality evolved out of

A

his experiences as a client-centered therapist

41
Q

According to Rogers, the two most frequent defensive reactions are

A

denial and distortion

42
Q

Rogers claimed that incongruence exists when a person

A

feels a discrepancy of self-concept vs. ideal self

43
Q

According to Rogers, a portion of one’s experience becomes differentiated into

A

sense of self-identity

44
Q

According to Rogers, compliments and positive feedback

A
  1. will not usually enhance a person’s self-concept
  2. seldom have a positive influence on self-concept
  3. may be denied or distorted by the person receiving them
45
Q

Rogers stated that therapists will be more effective if they communicate ______ to the clients

A

all genuine feelings

46
Q

Rogers believed that infants evaluate their experiences as positive or negative by the criteria of

A

the actualizing tendency

47
Q

Rogers believed that healthy individuals evaluate their experience from the viewpoint of

A

their organismic self

48
Q

Roger’s basic assumption in therapy was that

A

psychological growth is enhanced when clients receive empathy and unconditional positive regard from a congruent therapist

49
Q

According to Roger’s view of the therapeutic process, psychological growth appears to be irreversible at the _____ stage

A

6th

50
Q

In a state of disorganization, people’s behavior may be consistent with their

A

shattered self-concept

51
Q

Rogers called the tendency for matter (organic and inorganic) to evolve from simpler to more complex forms

A

the formative tendency

52
Q

Rogers believed that people’s positive self-regard

A

can exist independently of other people’s attitudes toward them

53
Q

Research measuring congruency between our perceived selves and our ideal selves has found

A

Both of these are correct.

54
Q

According to Rogers, the ____ includes all those aspects of one’s being and one’s experience that are perceived in awareness

A

self-concept

55
Q

As an adolescent, Rogers

A

was shy and socially incompetent

56
Q

The research on the effectiveness of client-centered therapy reported by Rogers and Dymond indicated that after therapy, clients

A

showed more movement to growth than a matched group of control patients

57
Q

For Rogers, empathy is an effective part of therapy because it

A

helps clients listen to their organismic self

58
Q

To Rogers, the basic ingredient of maladjustment is

A

discrepancy of organismic vs. perceived self.

59
Q

Rogers held that if certain therapeutic conditions are present, then people will

A

move toward psychological growth.

60
Q

Lauren perceives another person’s evaluation of her. Rogers believed that Lauren will

A

develop unconditional positive regard for that person.

61
Q

Rogers’s approach to therapy is best termed

A

client-centered.

62
Q

“The symbolic representation (not necessarily in verbal symbols) of some portion of our experience” is Rogers’ definition of

A

awareness

63
Q

According to Rogers, for a psychologically healthy person,

A

there is a close agreement between ideal self and perceived self

64
Q

Rogers believed the most basic condition for psychological growth is

A

congruence

65
Q

In general, the Chicago studies demonstrated that client-centered therapy

A

led to long-term positive growth for some clients.

66
Q

To Rogers, congruent people are

A

aware of and able to express their feelings.

67
Q

In his philosophy of science, Rogers argued that methodology must be

A

objective

68
Q

Rogers believed that after client-centered counseling is successful, clients ideally will

A

become their own therapists.

69
Q

According to Rogers, experiences inconsistent with one’s self-concept are

A

all of these are correct

70
Q

For Rogers, the ideal self

A

is one’s view of how one would like to be.

71
Q

According to Rogers, positive external evaluations

A

do not foster psychological health

72
Q

Which of these is NOT characteristic of Rogers’s “person of tomorrow”?

A

trust in other individuals

73
Q

What stage of Rogers’s therapeutic process is characterized by avoidance of present feelings and a discussion limited to past or future emotions?

A

3rd

74
Q

According to Rogers,

A

everyone possesses the actualizing tendency.

Theories of Personality (11 decks)

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