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Theories of Personality > May > Flashcards

May Flashcards

1
Q

According to May, respecting another’s Dasein is a condition for living in

A

Mitwelt

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2
Q

According to May, healthy people

A

Only a and b are correct.

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3
Q

For existentialists, studying people from an external view

A

violates both the people and their worlds.

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4
Q

May’s concept of humanity includes a belief that people are

A

a and b

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5
Q

May held that Umwelt includes the world of

A

objects and things.

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6
Q

Most existentialists believe that

A

existence takes precedence over essence.

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7
Q

May considered eros the salvation of

A

sex

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8
Q

May called ______ “the capacity to organize one’s self so that movement in a certain direction or toward a certain goal may take place”.

A

will.

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9
Q

According to May, the essential unity of the person and environment is called

A

Dasein.

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10
Q

May claimed that members of technologically advanced civilizations are most likely to suffer guilt connected with

A

Umwelt

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11
Q

Rollo May was the foremost spokesperson for the ______ approach to psychology in the United States.

A

existential

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12
Q

According to May, ______ is an intimate but nonsexual friendship between two people.

A

philia

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13
Q

According to May, psychologically disturbed individuals deny their

A

destiny.

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14
Q

May’s concept of humanity includes a belief that people are

A

a and b

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15
Q

May believed that neurotic anxiety

A

All the above are correct.

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16
Q

From an existential perspective, as people realize that they are in charge of their own destiny, they experience the

A

b and c

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17
Q

May believed that ______ is our ultimate destiny.

A

death

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18
Q

May believed that we experience ______ when we become aware that our existence or some value identified with it may be destroyed.

A

anxiety.

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19
Q

People’s feelings of self-isolation and alienation from the world are seen in their

A

all of the above.

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20
Q

May contended that Western civilization

A

has an urgent need for myths.

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21
Q

May saw psychopathology as a lack of

A

communicativness.

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22
Q

Basically, existentialists believe that theories

A

render individuals into objects.

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23
Q

According to May, in North American society, sex is frequently confused with

A

eros.

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24
Q

Modern existential psychology has roots in the writings of

A

Søren Kierkegaard.

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25
Q

According to May, Eigenwelt refers to our relationship to

A

our self.

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26
Q

May claimed that, to the extent that anxiety and guilt arise from our being-in-the-world, they are

A

ontological.

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27
Q

May suggested that freedom and destiny are

A

a normal paradox of life.

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28
Q

For May, “the endeavor to understand [people] by cutting below the cleavage between subject and object” defines

A

existentialism.

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29
Q

Research on terror management theory suggests that reminding people of their own death—that is, making mortality salient—tends to

A

increase their need to preserve their worldview.

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30
Q

Theories that emphasize interpersonal relationships deal mostly with which aspect of being-in-the-world?

A

Mitwelt.

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31
Q

From an existential perspective, people acquire freedom of action

A

only a and b are correct.

A. through expanding their self-awareness.
B. by assuming responsibility for their actions.
C. by minimizing the anxiety associated with their actions.

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32
Q

Two basic concepts of existentialism are

A

being-in-the-world and nonbeing.

33
Q

According to May, drug addiction, alcohol abuse, promiscuous sexual behavior, and other compulsive behaviors can be manifestations of

A

nonbeing.

34
Q

“A delight in the presence of the other person and an affirmation of his value and development as much as one’s own” is May’s definition of

A

love.

35
Q

According to May, ______ is the structure that gives meaning to our experience and allows us to make decisions about the future

A

intentionality

36
Q

According to May, a person’s refusal to accept ontological guilt

A

leads to neurotic or morbid guilt.

37
Q

Existential therapists must

A

participate fully in the human encounter with the patient

38
Q

According to May, freedom comes from understanding our

A

destiny

39
Q

May was influenced by Soren Kierkegaard’s view of anxiety as a struggle against

A

nonbeing

40
Q

existentialists believe that most people in modern societies experience alienation due to a separation of

A

self from the world

41
Q

According to May, ontological guilt is experienced

A

by most people in one form or another

42
Q

For May, neurotic symptoms

A

Preserve one’s Dasein

43
Q

For May, ______ is an altruistic kind of love.

A

agape

44
Q

According to May, healthy people

A

cherish their freedom & challenge their destiny

45
Q

Kierkegaard emphasized an equilibrium between

A

freedom and responsibility

46
Q

Unlike Carl Rogers, Rollo May was likely to

A

offer interpretations to a patient or client

47
Q

The psychological desire that seeks procreation or creation through an enduring union with a loved one, according to May

A

Eros

48
Q

According to May, ____ are the malaise of our time

A

apathy and emptiness

49
Q

For May, care is the source of

A

both love and will

50
Q

May suggested that freedom and destiny are

A

a normal paradox of life

51
Q

For May, ontological guilt associated with Mitwelt arises from our

A

inability to accurately perceive the world of others

52
Q

Basically, existentialists believe that theories

A

render individuals into objects

53
Q

May believed that healthy people

A

unite love and will

54
Q

As a young man, Rollo May, like Erik Erikson

A

traveled through Europe as a wandering artist

55
Q

For May, the source of humanity’s most intense pleasure and its most pervasive anxiety is

A

sex

56
Q

May identified sex, eros, philia, and agape as the

A

Forms of love

57
Q

May recognized three forms of ontological guilt, each of which corresponds to the three

A

modes of Dasein.

58
Q

May believed that the story of ______ contains the basic elements of an existential crisis: birth, exile, assertion of independence, search for identity, and death.

A

Oedipus

59
Q

For May, freedom of being is synonymous with

A

essential freedom.

60
Q

According to May, Eigenwelt refers to our relationship to

A

our self

61
Q

May believed that healthy adult relationships are based on

A

All the above are correct.

a) sex.
b) eros.
c) philia.
d) agape.

62
Q

May said that eros

A

is the wish to establish a lasting union.

63
Q

Rollo May was the foremost spokesperson for the ______ approach to psychology in the United States.

A

existential

64
Q

For May, the purpose of therapy is to

A

set patients free to make their own choices.

65
Q

May believed that ______ is our ultimate destiny.

A

death

66
Q

May called ______ the freedom to act on the choices one makes.

A

existential freedom

67
Q

May believed that communication

A

should transcend the immediate concrete situation and expand self-awareness.

68
Q

Research on terror management theory suggests that reminding people of their own death—that is, making mortality salient—tends to

A

increase their need to preserve their worldview.

69
Q

______ anxiety “is proportionate to the threat, does not involve repression, and can be confronted constructively on a conscious level”, according to May.

A

normal

70
Q

Existentialists adopt a ______ approach to understanding humanity.

A

phenomenological

71
Q

Basically, existentialists believe that theories

A

render individuals into objects.

72
Q

May contended that Western civilization

A

has an urgent need for myths.

73
Q

May’s approach to understanding people is based primarily on his

A

clinical experience

74
Q

May believed that will

A

all of the above

75
Q

From an existential perspective, people acquire freedom of action

A

Only a and b are correct.

76
Q

May’s childhood was marked by

A

parental arguments and family strife.

77
Q

The research on the effectiveness of client-centered therapy reported by Rogers and Dymond indicated that after therapy, clients

A

showed more movement to growth than a matched group of control participants.

78
Q

Rogers believed that the successful therapist

A

must be congruent in the counseling relationship.

Theories of Personality (11 decks)

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