Buss Flashcards by D Z

A second dimension of personality, ______________, is marked by a person’s willingness and capacity to cooperate and help the group on the one hand or to be hostile and aggressive on the other.

agreeableness/hostility

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Which one of following theorists laid the foundation for the modern theory of evolution?

Charles Darwin

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People high in __________ are also driven and ambitious.

surgency

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The tendency to assume that the environment alone can produce behavior void of a stable internal mechanism is called ___________.

fundamental situational error

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The term ______________ was coined in 1973 by biologist Michael Ghiselin (1973), and later popularized by the anthropologist John Tooby and psychologist Leda Cosmides in the early 1990s.

evolutionary psychology

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The essence of Buss’s theory of personality revolves around adaptive problems and their _____________.

solutions or mechanisms

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Two goals and motives that act as evolved mechanisms are -

power and intimacy.

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Just like in biology, there is much support for the evolutionary basis of human personality, which can be divided into general topics of: _______________________.

temperament, genetics, and animal personality

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________ are evolved strategies that solve important survival and/or reproductive problems.

Adaptations.

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Buss (1991) starts with the assumption that motivation, emotion, and personality are adaptive in that they solve problems of _______________.

survival and reproduction

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Buss argues for essentially the same five personality dimensions (Big Five) but with slightly different terminology. Which is not one of Buss’s categories?

neuroticism/psychoticism

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The term ___________ can be defined as the scientific study of human thought and behavior from an evolutionary perspective and focuses on four big questions.

evolutionary psychology

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A second origin of environment induced individual differences is _______________, which means that different people find what makes them stand out from others in order to gain attention from parents or potential mates.

alternative niche specialization

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Buss and his colleague Heidi Greiling propose _______ distinct sources of individual differences

four

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Who were the first thinkers to argue for an evolutionary perspective of psychological thought and behavior?

Darwin and Spencer

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Which one of the following is not one of the types of selection focused on by evolutionary theorists?

seminal selection

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Buss states that there are ______ specific main classes of mechanism.

two

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Social psychologists use the term ______________ to describe our tendency to ignore situational and environmental forces when explaining the behavior of other people and instead focus on internal dispositions.

fundamental attribution error

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___________ mechanisms are internal and specific cognitive, motivational, and personality systems that solve specific survival and reproduction problems.

Psychological

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Traits that happen as a result of adaptations but are not part of the functional design are called _________.

by-products

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Evolutionary theory of personality’s concept of humanity is most surprising due to its stance on __________________.

biological versus social influence

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Which of the following is more so a product of chance, also known as “random effects”?

noise

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Psychological mechanisms relevant to personality can be grouped into _______ main categories.

three

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Buss argues that the five main dimensions of personality (Big Five) can be best thought of as a way of summarizing the ____________.

social landscape

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Which of the following is not one of the distinct outcomes of the evolutionary process of natural selection, sexual selection, and chance?

mutations

_________ is also marked by a tendency to take risks and to experience positive emotion (i.e., be happy) and initiating and maintaining friendships and relationships.

Surgency

Buss (1991) argues that of the five personality dimensions, ________________________ are the most important traits because they most directly provide answers to a host of adaptive problems.

surgency/dominance, agreeableness, and conscientious

Which statement is most true for the evolutionary theory of personality as it relates as a guide for practitioners in psychology:

The theory is more abstract and pure than concrete and applied.

One environmental source of personality differences is what Buss termed __________________, by which he meant that childhood experiences make some behavioral strategies more likely than others.

early experiential calibration

The fourth adaptive personality system revolves around one's capacity and commitment to work and is the core characteristic of _______________.

conscientiousness

For Charles Darwin, it has been clear that all life forms are confronted with two fundamental problems of adaptation, namely __________ and ___________.

survival, reproduction

The third adaptive personality system revolves around response to danger and threat and is referred to as ____________.

emotional stability/neuroticism

Evolutionary theory of personality rates high ______________________.

on the criterion of parsimony

Evolutionary psychology and evolutionary theory of personality have its own scientific society called __________________.

Human Behavior and Evolutionary Society

__________ involves the disposition to experience positive emotional states and to engage in one's environment and to be sociable and self-confident.

Surgency

_____________ is change in gene function that does not involve changes in DNA

epigenetics

Psychological mechanisms relevant to personality can be grouped into all the following categories, except:

nature/nurture.

Evolutionary theory of personality rates moderate _______________________.

on internal consistency

Evolutionary theory of personality's concept of humanity is most surprising due to its stance on __________________.

biological versus social influence

The fifth adaptive personality system is the evolved strategy of ____________ involves one's propensity for innovation and ability to solve problems.

openness

Evolutionary theory of personality rates relatively low ______________________.

as a guide for practitioners

Evolutionary psychology and evolutionary theory of personality has its own journal called __________________.

Evolution and Human Behavior

Evolutionary theory of personality argues that the theory rates quite highly ______________________.

on organizing known knowledge

E.O. Wilson when he argued for a merger of the biological and social sciences and dubbed his movement

sociobiology

__________ mechanisms are physiological organs and systems that evolved to solve problems of survival

physical

The differences in behavior have a biological basis and are known as __________ which lays the foundation for personality traits.

temperament

The term ___________ refers to the process of evolution by natural selection has produced solutions to the two basic problems of life keyed on by Darwin and Buss.

mechanisms

The essence of Buss’s theory of personality revolves around adaptive problems and their_____________.

solutions or mechanisms

The evolutionary process of natural and sexual selection and chance results in ____ distinct outcomes.

Which of following theorist laid the foundation for the modern theory of evolution?

Darwin

David Buss ‘s interest in learning and understanding was sparked by the concept of ___________________.

EVOLUTION

The evolutionary process (natural and sexual selection and chance) results in three distinct outcomes: adaptations, by-products and ______________________.

Noise

__________________.are evolved strategies that solve important survival and/or reproductive problems.

ADAPTATIONS

______________. are traits that happen as a result of adaptations but are not part of the functional design

BY-PRODUCTS

David Buss is a professor of psychology at the_____________, where he is currently Professor Emeritus.

UNIVESITY OF TEXAS

Evolutionary psychology can be defined as the scientific study of human thought and behavior from an evolutionary perspective and focuses on ___________________ .

FOUR BIG QUESTIONS

The essence of Buss’s theory of personality revolves around ______________ and their solutions or mechanisms.

ADAPTIVE PROBLEMS

The process of evolution by natural selection has produced solutions to the two basic problems of life and they are called ___________________ .

MECHANISMS

________________ hypothesized there have been costs and benefits of each of the Big Five dimensions of personality during ancestral periods of evolution

NETTLE

_____________. is change in gene function that does not involve changes in DNA.

EPIGENETICS

What are some common misunderstandings of the evolutionary theory?

That evolution implies genetic determinism | that mechanisms are always optimal designs

Evolutionary theory holds that conscious and unconscious thinking, motives, drives, and dreams

are ancient.

Vidya is highly sensitive to criticism. She becomes anxious and nervous whenever her manager points out her mistakes. She cannot control her emotions when she is under stress. Which of the following statements would Buss say is most likely true about Vidya?

Vidya has a high level of neuroticism.