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Theories of Personality > Allport > Flashcards

Allport Flashcards

1
Q

Allport’s principal concern in personality theory was with

A

B. the uniqueness of the individual.

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2
Q

Which concept best describes Allport’s view of personality?

A

C. uniqueness

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3
Q

For Allport, which of the following is the most basic question underlying all personality theory?

A

A. What is a proper balance between universal laws and individual uniqueness?

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4
Q

Allport’s approach to personality can best be termed

A

C. eclectic.

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5
Q

Allport’s warning to other theorists, “(do not) forget what you have decided to neglect” reflects his

A

A. eclecticism.

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6
Q

When Allport was a young man, he spent a year teaching in Europe. On his return trip home, he visited with his brother Fayette and had a memorable meeting with

A

Freud

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7
Q

Allport criticized older theories of personality for

A

C. neglecting the normal psychologically healthy individual.

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8
Q

Allport called theories in which people are seen as being motivated primarily by needs to reduce tension and to return to a state of equilibrium as

A

A. proactive theories.

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9
Q

Allport’s notion that people are capable of consciously acting upon their environment in new and innovative ways that permit psychological growth is illustrated by

A

A. proactive behavior.

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10
Q

Allport favored a view of personality that regards behavior as

A

A. proactive.

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11
Q

Because Allport believed that a personality theory must be broad enough to encompass the growing, evolving individual as well as the static, adjustive person, he advocated the ______ approach to theory building.

A

E. eclectic

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12
Q

“The dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristic behavior and thought” is Allport’s definition of

A

E. personality.

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13
Q

The term “character” originally meant

A

B. a marking or engraving.

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14
Q

Allport’s definition of personality included the notion of personality as

A

A. both dynamic and organized.

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15
Q

For Allport, the human personality implies

A

All of these

A. both process and product.
B. both substance and change.
C. both order and diversification.
D. All of these are correct.

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16
Q

To Allport, the most important structures of personality are

A

A. personal disposition and proprium.

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17
Q

Allport, if he were alive today, might object to the label “trait psychologist” because

A

A. he believed the idea of traits precludes individual uniqueness.

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18
Q

For Allport, common traits

A

A. are shared by several people.

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19
Q

With regard to traits, Allport held that they

A

B. are of two kinds: common and individual (personal).

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20
Q

Allport and Odbert found about ______ personally descriptive words in a standard dictionary.

A

D. 18,000

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21
Q

According to Allport’s definition, personal dispositions

A

All of these

A. render different stimuli functionally equivalent.
B. both initiate and guide behavior.
C. have both a neurological and a psychological component.
D. All of these are correct.
E. None of these is correct.

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22
Q

To Allport, personal dispositions differ from traits in that they

A

C. are peculiar to the individual.

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23
Q

Allport placed personal dispositions on a continuum from

A

A. central to peripheral.

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24
Q

According to Allport, personal dispositions that are so dominating in one’s life that they cannot be hidden are called

A

B. cardinal traits.

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25
Q

Allport hypothesized that the number of central dispositions for any one person would be about

A

None of these. (8-10)

A. two or three.
B.  30 to 50.
C.  500 to 600.
D. 4,500.
E. None of these is correct.
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26
Q

Most people who knew Allport described him as reserved, prim, and orderly. Allport would say that these descriptions are in terms of _____ dispositions.

A

B. central

27
Q

Personal dispositions that are not central to personality, yet occur with some regularity and are responsible for much of one’s specific behaviors, Allport termed ______ dispositions.

A

C. secondary

28
Q

Allport called strongly felt personal dispositions that initiate action

A

D. motivational dispositions.

29
Q

Allport termed less intensely felt personal dispositions that guide action ______ dispositions.

A

E. stylistic

30
Q

Those behaviors and characteristics that one regards as central to one’s life are said by Allport to belong to the

A

C. proprium.

31
Q

Those aspects of a person regarded as important to a sense of self-identity and self-enhancement are what Allport called

A

E. the proprium.

32
Q

Allport believed that people are motivated primarily by

A

C. the need to adjust and the need to grow.

33
Q

The most distinctive or “capstone” concept of Allport’s theory of motivation is the concept of

A

E. functional autonomy.

34
Q

Allport’s concept that some human motives are independent from the original motive responsible for behavior was termed

A

A. functional autonomy.

35
Q

Allport saw people as being motivated mostly by

A

D. a variety of motives

36
Q

Allport contended that adult motives are

A

B. different from children’s motives.

37
Q

Allport’s criteria for an adequate theory of motivation included all EXCEPT the idea that the theory must

A

B. be based on the concept of a single master motive.

38
Q

Any acquired system of motivation in which the tensions involved are not of the same kind as the antecedent tensions from which the acquired system developed” is Allport’s definition of

A

C. functional autonomy.

39
Q

Perseverative functional autonomy is

A

All of these

A. the most complex form of functional autonomy.
B. the capstone of Allport’s theory of personal dispositions.
C. found in both animals and humans.
D. All of these are correct.

40
Q

Which of these is most likely based on perseverative functionally autonomous motives?

A

C. addiction to nicotine in cigarettes

41
Q

Allport’s master system of motivation that confers unity on personality is called

A

C. propriate functional autonomy.

42
Q

According to Allport, present motives are functionally autonomous to the extent that they

A

D. continually seek out new goals.

43
Q

According to Allport, any symptom that cannot be extinguished through psychotherapy, or does not change as self-concept changes, is

A

D. functionally autonomous.

44
Q

Unconscious processes, said Allport, play an important role in

A

A. motivating pathological behavior.

45
Q

The motives of the mature individual, Allport said, would be

A

C. proactive, conscious, and autonomous.

46
Q

Which of these would NOT be characteristic of the mature, healthy personality, according to Allport?

A

Self-centeredness

A. warm relating of self to others
B.  insight and humor
C.  unifying philosophy of life
D. extension of the sense of self
E. self-centeredness
47
Q

For Allport, the earmark of maturity is

A

B. self-extension.

48
Q

Allport believed that insight and humor may be aspects of

A

A. self-objectification.

49
Q

Allport’s approach to science emphasizes which methods?

A

A. morphogenic

50
Q

For Allport, the term “morphogenic” refers to

A

A. patterned properties of the whole organism.

51
Q

Examples of Allport’s completely morphogenic methods include all the following EXCEPT

A

Self-rating scales

A. autobiographies.
B.  self-anchoring scales.
C.  body gestures.
D. voice patterns.
E. self-rating scales.
52
Q

The case of Marion Taylor was interesting to Allport because he studied her personality through which morphogenic method?

A

A. diaries

53
Q

Allport used Jenny’s letters to support his view that personality

A

E. should be studied from the individual’s point of view.

54
Q

The technique that Baldwin developed to analyze the structure of Jenny’s personality from her letters was called

A

D. personal structure analysis.

55
Q

Paige’s factor analysis of the letters from Jenny revealed

A

B. eight to ten central traits.

56
Q

The Religious Orientation Scale (ROS) assumes both ______ and ______ orientation toward religion.

A

E. an intrinsic; an extrinsic

57
Q

Research has found that highly prejudiced churchgoers scored

A

A. high on extrinsic religious orientation.

58
Q

Research indicates that people who score high on the Intrinsic scale of the Religious Orientation Scale (and thus are more involved in their religion) tend to

A

C. be emotionally healthy.

59
Q

Research suggests that people who score high on the Extrinsic scale of the Religious Orientation Scale tend to

A

A. have more than their share of personal problems.

60
Q

Allport’s theory of personality is based mostly on

A

D. philosophical speculation and common sense.

61
Q

A weakness of Allport’s theory of personality is that it

A

A. is difficult to falsify.

62
Q

Allport’s view of humanity includes the idea that

A

C. people seek to reduce tensions and also to establish new ones.

63
Q

With regard to freedom and determinism, Allport held

A

C. that freedom could be expanded.

64
Q

According to Allport, which people have the highest level of free will?

A

A. psychologically healthy, reflective, and intelligent people

Theories of Personality (11 decks)

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