RNA: HIV

Question 0

Infects only human beings. Immunodeficiency virus weakens the immune system and increases the risk of infection. Virus that attacks the body. Acquired, not inherited. Creates a deficiency of _________ in the immune system. Syndrome or a group of illness taking place at the same time.

Answer 0

HIV & AIDS. CD4+ cells.

Question 1

HIV affects cells of the immune system called

Answer 1

CD4 or T cells

Question 2

HIV infection leads to

Answer 2

AIDS

Question 3

From chimpanzees in west africa most likely was transmitted to humans and mutated into HIV when humans hunted these chimpanzees for meet and came into contact with their infected blood.m

Answer 3

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

Question 4

Family retroviridae. Subfamily is lentivirus.

Answer 4

HIV

Question 5

HIV 1: ________. Pan troglodytes.

Answer 5

Chimpanzee

Question 6

HIV 2: __________, more released to SIV 2.

Answer 6

Sootey mangabeys

Question 7

Converts single-stranded RNA viral genome into double stranded viral DNA.

Answer 7

Reverse Transcriptase

Question 8

Is a single stranded RNA virus that has Reverse Transcriptase

Answer 8

Retroviridae

Question 9

In HIV, the genetic material is

Answer 9

RNA

Question 10

In the _________, reverse transcription occurs through the enzyme __________ to produce DNA from its RNA genome, the reverse of the usual pattern, thus _______ (backwards)

Answer 10

Cytoplasm. Reverse Transcriptase. Retro.

Question 11

This new DNA is then incorporated into the host cell genome by an ________ enzyme, at which point the retroviral DNA is referred to as a _________.

Answer 11

Integrase. Provirus.

Question 12

__________ them treat the viral DNA as part of its own genome, translating and transcribing the viral genes along with the cell’s own genes, producing the proteins required to assemble new copies of the virus.

Answer 12

Host cell

Question 13

Contains enhancer and promoter regions of HIV

Answer 13

Long Terminal Repeat (LTR)

Question 14

Encodes structural proteins which help in packaging RNA of the virus to generate new virus particles

Answer 14

Gag

Question 15

Encodes reverse transcriptase and integrase

Answer 15

Pol gene

Question 16

Codes for envelope proteins, along with the host plasma membrane complete the virus particles that buds off from the cell.

Answer 16

Env

Question 17

Regulatory proteins which affect viral transcription output

Answer 17

Nef, Tat, and Rev

Question 18

Responsible for switching early to late HIV gene located in the 3’ end of env gene.

Answer 18

Regulator of Viral gene expression (Rev)

Question 19

Binding and fusion: _______ binds to ______ on helper T lymphocytes. Viral coat fuses with the lymphocyte membrane releasing viral RNA and protein into _______.

Answer 19

Virion. CD4 receptors. Cytosol.

Question 20

RNA genome is reversely transcribed into a double stranded DNA by using _________, 2 strands of DNA is formed and transported into the nucleus.

Answer 20

Reverse Transcription. Reverse Transcriptase.

Question 21

Integration: catalyzes the insertion of viral DNA into the host genome to establish infection.

Answer 21

Integrase

Question 22

Transcription: produces large amount of viral RNA

Answer 22

Transcription of viral DNA

Question 23

Assembly and Building: packaged in a ________ and buds out of the plasma membrane.

Answer 23

Capsid

Question 24

Within 2-4 weeks, many experience flu-like symptoms, often described as the “worst flu ever” also known as __________ or primary HIV infection.

Answer 24

Early stage. Acute Retroviral Syndrome.

Question 25

Detection of __________, antibodies to HIV 1 & HIV 2 in human serum, plasma and venous or fingerstick whole blood specimens.

Answer 25

HIV-1 p24 Antigen

Question 26

Is the first FDA-approved test that independently distinguishes results for HIV-1 p24 antigen and HIV antibodies in a single test.

Answer 26

HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab Combo test

Question 27

Is helpful in closing the window period ( time between HIV infection and appearance of antibodies to HIV)

Answer 27

HIV antigen-antibody combination assay

Question 28

People who are infected with HIV experience no HIV-related symptoms, or only to mild ones. Asymptomatic HIV infection or Chronic HIV infection.

Answer 28

Clinical Latency Stage

Question 29

Terminates elongation process. Precent acute infection of susceptible cells.

Answer 29

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Question 30

Binds to activate site induces conformational change and inhibiting enzyme function. Easily metabolized by ________ system and prone to drug interaction.

Answer 30

Nonnucleoside inhibitors. cytoP450

Question 31

Inhibits HIV protease which activates precursors of gag-pol. Binds to the active site of HIV protease and blocks viral maturation.

Answer 31

Protease Inhibitors

Question 32

2 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors and 1 Protease Inhibitors

Answer 32

HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy)

Question 33

He survived HIV and was treated successfully

Answer 33

Timothy Brown

Question 34

14 HIV positive people treated with HIV drugs even after seven years of therapy, were still showing no signs of the virus rebounding.

Answer 34

Visconti patients

Question 35

Functional cure of HIV positive baby who received an antoretroviral treatment for 18months from the day she was born. At age 2, virus appeared to have stopped replicating and spreading.

Answer 35

Mississippi baby