Endo: Conversion of AA to Specialized Products

Question 0

The synthesis of _____ & _____ also begins with AAs which contribute a portion of their backbone.

Answer 0

Purine & Pyrimidine

Question 1

Proteins that contain AA that have been posttranslationally modified for a specific function.

Answer 1

Heme. Certain hormones and neurotransmitters

Question 2

A primary bile acid

Answer 2

Glycocholic acid

Question 3

Formed from the food additive benzoate

Answer 3

Hippuric acid

Question 4

Metabolites and pharmaceuticals excreted as water soluble glycine include

Answer 4

Glycocholic acid & Hippuric acid

Question 5

Biosynthesis and metabolism of creatine & creatinine

Answer 5

Arginine [arginine glycine transaminidase] Glycocyamine/Guanidoacetate [guanidoacetate methyltransferase] Creatine phosphate [non enzymatic in muscle] Creatinine

Question 6

The entire glycine molecule becomes atoms _, _ & _ of purines

Answer 6

4, 5 & 7

Question 7

The nitrogen and a-carbon of glycine are incorporated into the _______ & the _______ carbons of heme.

Answer 7

Pyrrole rings & Methylene bridge

Question 8

Constitutes a major fraction of the free amino acids in the plasma

Answer 8

a-Alanine

Question 9

Present in coenzyme A and B-alanyl dipeptides, principally _____.

Answer 9

B- alanine. Carnosine.

Question 10

Mammalian tissues from B-alanine from

Answer 10

Carnosine, Anserine & Cytosine “CAC”

Question 11

Activate myosin ATPase, chelate copper and enhance copper uptake

Answer 11

B-alanyl dipeptides: carnosine & anserine

Question 12

A component of sphingomyelin

Answer 12

Sphingosine

Question 13

Participates in the biosynthesis of sphingosine

Answer 13

Serine

Question 14

Regulate the activity of certain enzymes of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 14

De/phosphorylation of seryl, threonyl & tyrosyl

Question 15

The principal source of methyl groups in the body

Answer 15

S-Adenosylmethionine

Question 16

It contributes its carbons skeleton for the biosynthesis of the 3-diaminopropane portions of the polyamines ______ & ______.

Answer 16

Methionine. Spermine & Spermidine.

Question 17

Is a precursor of the thioethanolamine portion of coenzyme A and of the _____ that conjugates with bile acids such as _______.

Answer 17

Cysteine. Taurine. Taurocholic acid.

Question 18

Decarboxylation of histidine to histamine is catalyzed by a broad specificity aromatic __________ that also catalyzes the decarboxylation of ____, ______, _____, ______ and ______.

Answer 18

Histidine Decarboxylase. Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, 5-hydroxytryptophan & Dopa “PTT5D”

Question 19

The formamidine donor for creatine synthesis and via ornithine to putrescine, spermine and spermidine.

Answer 19

Arginine

Question 20

The 24-hour urinary excretion of this is proportionate to muscle mass and is a useful indicator of kidney function

Answer 20

Arginine

Question 21

Arginine is also the precursor of the intercellular signalling molecule that serves as a neurotransmitter, smooth muscle relaxant and vasodilator.

Answer 21

Nitric oxide

Question 22

Function in cell proliferation and growth

Answer 22

Polyamines: spermidine & spermine

Question 23

Following hydroxylation of tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan by liver tyrosine hydroxylase, subsequent decarboxylation forms a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulator of smooth muscle contraction.

Answer 23

Serotonin(5-hydroxytryptamine)

Question 24

Kidney tissue, liver tissue and fecal bacteria all convert tryptophan to ______, then to _______.

Answer 24

Tryptamine. Indole 3 acetate

Question 25

Precursor of T3 & T4

Answer 25

Tyrosine

Question 26

Convert tyrosine to epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 26

Neural cells

Question 27

Functions in brain tissue as an inhibitory neurotransmitter by altering transmembrane potential differences. It is formed by the decarboxylation of glutamate, a reaction catalyzed by ________.

Answer 27

y-aminobutyrate. Glutamate decarboxylase.